In ARX structures, constants that are not rotational invariant are often injected into the state, in the form of round constants or as a result of using a fixed key. Rotational cryptanalysis cannot deal with such constants. Rotational cryptanalysis in the presence of constants, also known as rotational-XOR cryptanalysis, is a recently proposed statistical technique to attack ARX primitives. The...

In this paper, we propose a novel method for solving the single-trial evoked potential (EP) estimation problem. In this method, the single-trial EP is considered as a complex containing many components, which may originate from different functional brain sites; these components can be distinguished according to their respective latencies and amplitudes and are extracted simultaneously by multip...

Recently, the expression of the peptide hormone ghrelin was detected in a-cells of the islets of Langerhans as well as in q-cells, a newly discovered endocrine cell type, but it remains unclear how the latter is related in lineage to the four classical islet cell types, a-, h-, y-, and PPcells. Here, we provide further evidence that ghrelin is predominantly produced in the a-cells of mouse isle...

INTRODUCTION In periapical surgery, the absence of standardization between different studies makes it difficult to compare the outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare the healing classification of different authors and evaluate the prognostic criteria of periapical surgery at 12 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS 278 patients (101 men and 177 women) with a mean age of 38.1 years (range 11 to 77) treated w...

In recent years, Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) has been successfully applied in searching for differential characteristics and linear approximations in block ciphers and has produced the significant results for some ciphers such as SIMON (a family of lightweight and hardware-optimized block ciphers designed by NSA) etc. However, in the literature, the MILP-based automatic search algor...

All pancreatic endocrine cell types arise from a common endocrine precursor cell population, yet the molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain the unique gene expression programs of each endocrine cell lineage have remained largely elusive. Such knowledge would improve our ability to correctly program or reprogram cells to adopt specific endocrine fates. Here, we show that the transcript...

The aristaless-related gene, Arx, plays a fundamental role in patterning the brain in humans and mice. Arx mutants exhibit lissencephaly among other anomalies. We have cloned a Xenopus aristaless homolog that appears to define specific regions of the developing forebrain. xArx2 is transcribed in blastula through neurula stages, and comes to be restricted to the ventral and lateral telencephalon...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of the CYP101 and CYP111 families from the oligotrophic bacterium Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM12444 are heme monooxygenases that receive electrons from NADH via Arx, a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin, and ArR, a ferredoxin reductase. These systems show fast NADH turnovers (k(cat) = 39-91 s(-1)) that are efficiently coupled to product formation. The three-dimensional str...

Understanding the end-to-end packet delay dynamics of the Internet is of crucial importance since it directly affects the QoS (Quality of Services) of various applications, and it enables us to design an efficient congestion control mechanism. In our previous studies, we have measured round-trip time of the Internet, and have modeled its dynamics by the ARX (Auto-Regressive eXogenous) model usi...