Aims: Recent studies suggest that cannabinoid receptor agonists may promote relapse to drug-seeking behaviour after a period of abstinence. In this study, the ability of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to reinstate previously reinforced responding for alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages was assessed in rats using a novel lick-based paradigm. Methods: Rats were initially given free access to bee...

Gushing is a phenomenon in which beer spontaneously, without agitation, vigorously foams out from its container immediately on opening. Gushing has a marked negative effect on the overall image of beer. Numerous factors causing and contributing to gushing have been reported. Two types of gushing can be distinguished based on the origin of gushing-inducing substances. Non-malt related gushing, i...

BACKGROUND Although binge drinking (drinking five or more drinks on an occasion) is an important public health problem, little is known about which beverage types are consumed by binge drinkers. This knowledge could guide prevention efforts because beer, wine, and liquor are taxed, marketed, and distributed differently. METHODS Data from 14,150 adult binge drinkers who responded to the Behavi...