The effect of zinc and vitamin K2 (menaquinone-7) on bone components in the femoral tissue of female elderly rats was investigated. Rats were orally administrated either vehicle (distilled water), zinc sulfate (1.0 mg Zn/100 g body weight), menaquinone-7 (MK-7, 0.5 mg/100 g) or zinc (1.0 mg/100 g) plus MK-7 (0.5 mg/100 g) once a day for 7 days. Femoral dry weight was significantly increased by ...

Effect of clozapine on MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion and stereotypy as well as open field behavior was studied. Clozapine (0.1-7.5 mg/kg) dose-dependently blocked MK-801(0.5 mg/kg)-induced stereotypy. Both total and ambulatory responses were blocked by even the lower doses (0.1-0.5 mg/kg) of clozapine. In open field test, clozapine selectively blocked hyperambulation induced by MK-801 (0.1 mg/...

The heparin-binding growth factor midkine (MK) comprises a family with pleiotrophin/heparin-binding growth-associated molecule. The biological phenomena in which MK is involved can be categorized into five areas: (i) cancer, (ii) inflammation/immunity, (iii) blood pressure, (iv) development and (v) tissue protection. The phenotypes are clear in vivo, but the mechanisms by which MK exerts these ...

Early male-killing (MK) bacteria are vertically transmitted reproductive parasites which kill male offspring that inherit them. Whereas their incidence is well documented, characteristics allowing originally non-MK bacteria to gradually evolve MK ability remain unclear. We show that horizontal transmission is a mechanism enabling vertically transmitted bacteria to evolve fully efficient MK unde...

The midkine (MK) family consists of only two members, namely heparin-binding growth factors MK and pleiotrophin (PTN). During embryogenesis, MK is highly expressed in the mid-gestational period, whereas PTN expression reaches the maximum level around birth. Both proteins are localized in the radial glial processes of the embryonic brain, along which neural stem cells migrate and differentiate. ...

BACKGROUND Virologic failure following treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 with direct-acting antiviral agents is often accompanied by the emergence of resistant variants. MK-5172 is an investigational once-daily protease inhibitor. We analyzed variants in treatment-naive noncirrhotic patients with virologic failure on MK-5172 (100-800 mg/day) plus pegylated interferon alfa/ribaviri...

Fourteen vitamin K2 (menaquinone (MK)-n, n = 1-14) and ten prenylalcohol derivatives (n = 1-10) with different numbers (n) of isoprenyl groups in the side chains were investigated for their cytotoxicity against nine human tumor cell lines and three human normal oral cells. Among the vitamin K2 derivatives, MK-2 (n = 2) showed the greatest cytotoxicity, followed by MK-1 (n = 1) and MK-3 (n = 3)....

Midkine (MK; a low molecular weight heparin-binding growth factor) is a multifunctional cytokine. MK plays a role in morphogenesis of many organs including teeth through epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. We immunohistochemically examined MK expression in various human odontogenic tumors. There was no difference in positive rate and intensity of MK between benign odontogenic tumors and their ...

Monosomal karyotype (MK), defined as ≥ 2 autosomal monosomies or a single monosomy in the presence of other structural abnormalities, was confirmed by several studies to convey an extremely poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a 4-year overall survival after diagnosis of < 4%. A recent investigation by the Southwest Oncology Group found that the only MK(+) patients ...

Twenty-one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, including 11 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), were studied to determine whether the megakaryocytic/platelet lineage was infected by HIV. Because purification of platelets did not reach a level sufficient for unequivocal results by the polymerase chain reaction, in ...