Online services, wireless devices, and scientific simulations are all creating massive volumes of data at unprecedented rates. This abundance of rich datasets has made data-driven discovery the predominant approach across biology, medicine, physics, economics and even social sciences. Ironically, existing data processing tools have now become the bottleneck in data-driven activities. When faced...

Carotid Artery Stenting: Verdict Still Pending To the Editor: In their recent article, Derdeyn et al1 reviewed existing data for carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis and concluded that there is no role for CAS in patients with low surgical risk and no proven benefit from carotid endarterectomy (CEA). These conclusions are categorical and strong against CA...

Among anonymity systems, DC-nets have long held attraction for their resistance to traffic analysis attacks, but practical implementations remain vulnerable to internal disruption or “jamming” attacks, which require timeconsuming detection procedures to resolve. We present Verdict, the first practical anonymous group communication system built using proactively verifiable DC-nets: participants ...

However, SMR theories were formulated when the dominant theory of communication was the code model. Consequently they presumed that meaning was determined almost entirely by a text (utterance) itself. This theory is now rejected in favor of theories that understand interpretation as the inferential product of the interaction of the text with (mind-mediated) context. These newer theories shift t...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite the success of the 1995 National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) study using IV recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within 3 hours in acute stroke and its subsequent FDA approval, there has been a reluctance to use tPA because of safety and efficacy issues with high incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage, and protocol violations. ...

The process of interpreting evidence in a court of law is pertinent for verdict deliberation. Evidence, however, is often open to a variety of interpretations. Studies have shown that factors other than evidential information presented in court can influence whether the verdict is ‘guilty’ or ‘not guilty’ and, in cases of ‘mock jurors’, can influence how punitive or lenient a sentence should be...

Average accuracy of jury verdicts for a set of cases can be studied empirically and systematically even when the correct verdict cannot be known. The key is to obtain a second rating of the verdict, for example, the judge’s, as in the recent study of criminal cases in the United States by the National Center for State Courts (NCSC). That study, like the famous Kalven-Zeisel study, showed only m...