neighbouring countryside. In this study, UHI intensity is assessed using Landsat 8 data in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. An ERDAS Imagine algorithm used to acquire the land surface temperature (LST) from data. The association of LST and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as well build-up (NDBI) also assessed. outcome study shows that influence Salaam situated mainly built-up areas compare...

A city's ecology and energy use can be affected by an urban heat island (UHI). However, its role in exacerbating populations' stress has been extensively studied. This study reviewed summarized the literature on UHI, causes, effects. After that, characteristics of population vulnerability are examined. The results studies health effects, potential mitigation tactics existing settlements show ne...

In Central Europe up to 85% of the population lives in cities or urban agglomerations (United Nations 2000). This makes the urban climate and its anthropogenic modifications an important issue for planners, scientists and policy makers. The urban climate differs completely from that of rural or forested areas. Since urban surfaces are extremely heterogeneous the interaction with the urban bound...

The effect of urbanization on the urban thermal environment (UTE) has attracted increasing research attention for its significant relationship to local climatic change and habitat comfort. Using quantitative thermal remote sensing and spatial statistics methods, here we analyze four Landsat TM/ETM+ images of Guangzhou in South China acquired respectively on 13 October 1990, 2 January 2000, 23 N...

1 UHI Millennium Institute, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK 2 Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK 3 Environmental Systems Research Group, Geography Department, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK * now at: Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry,...

The dynamic and heterogeneity of the urban heat island (UHI) is result interactions between biotic, physical, social, built components. Urban ecology as a transdisciplinary science can provide context to understand complex social–biophysical issues such thermal environment in cities. This study aimed at developing theoretical framework elucidate patterns processes mediating UHI. To do it, we co...

BACKGROUND Heart disease is a disabling condition and necessary surgical intervention is often lacking in many developing countries. Training of the superspecialties abroad is largely limited to observation with little or no opportunity for hands on experience. An approach in which open heart surgeries are conducted locally by visiting teams enabling skills transfer to the local team and helps ...

Urban heat island (UHI) represents a major anthropogenic modification to the Earth system and its relationship with urban development is poorly understood at a regional scale. Using Aqua MODIS data and Landsat TM/ETM+ images, we examined the spatiotemporal trends of the UHI effect (ΔT, relative to the rural reference) along the urban development intensity (UDI) gradient in 32 major Chinese citi...