The transition from vegetative to reproductive phases during Arabidopsis development is the result of a complex interaction of environmental and endogenous factors. One of the key regulators of this transition is LEAFY (LFY), whose threshold levels of activity are proposed to mediate the initiation of flowers. The closely related APETALA1 (AP1) and CAULIFLOWER (CAL) meristem identity genes are ...

Gene duplication is an important mechanism for the generation of evolutionary novelty. Paralogous genes that are not silenced may evolve new functions (neofunctionalization) that will alter the developmental outcome of preexisting genetic pathways, partition ancestral functions (subfunctionalization) into divergent developmental modules, or function redundantly. Functional divergence can occur ...

The MADS domain proteins APETALA1 (AP1), APETALA3 (AP3), PISTILLATA (PI), and AGAMOUS (AG) specify the identity of Arabidopsis floral organs. AP1 and AG homocomplexes and AP3-PI heterocomplexes bind to CArG-box sequences. The DNA-binding properties of these complexes were investigated. We find that AP1, AG and AP3-PI are all capable of recognizing the same DNA-binding sites, although with somew...

Development of the cauliflower phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana requires mutations at both the CAULIFLOWER and APETALA1 loci. BoAP1 is the Brassica oleracea orthologue to the Arabidopsis AP1 gene, and is present in two copies in Brassica genomes. The BoAP1-A gene appears to encode a full-length protein, but BoAP1-B alleles in B. oleracea contain insertions that lead to premature translation te...

The transcriptional repression of key regulatory genes is crucial for plant and animal development. Previously, we identified and isolated two Arabidopsis transcription co-repressors LEUNIG (LUG) and SEUSS (SEU) that function together in a putative co-repressor complex to prevent ectopic AGAMOUS (AG) transcription in flowers. Because neither LUG nor SEU possesses a recognizable DNA-binding moti...

زمینه و هدف: کم‌تحرکی در مقابل آن تمرین جزء عوامل مرتبط با شاخص‌های آسیب کبدی به‌شمار می‌روند. وجود این هنوز نقش بسیاری از تمرین‌های ورزشی به‌ویژه تمرینات تناوبی مقاومتی مصرف برخی مکمل‌های غذایی جمله اسپیرولینا بر ایمنی التهابی کاملاٌ شناخته نشده است؛ بنابراین هدف پژوهش تعیین اثر هشت هفته مکمل‌دهی هوازی فعالیت بافت کبد بیان ژن CXCL1 عضلة موش‌های صحرایی نر بود.مواد روش‌ها: نیمه‌تجربی، 60 سر موش ن...