The requirement of varying doses of warfarin for different individuals can be explained by environmental and genetic factors. We evaluated the frequency of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) variants together with patientdemographic characteristics and investigated their association with warfarin dose requirement with the ob...

background: although catalytic properties of different genetic polymorphisms of vkorc1 and cyp2c9 products have been identified, there is limited study available regarding warfarin dose requirement in iranian patient population. this study investigates the impact of these polymorphisms on 115 patients, referred to payvand clinical and specialty laboratory for determining the appropriate dose of...

The aim of the study: to establish frequencies polymorphisms in VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genes among residents Zaporizhzhia region. Materials methods. A total 150 persons (62 male, 88 female) with a median age 46 years (26; 58) undergoing preventive examination at Medical Educational Scientific Center “University Clinic” State University (ZSMU). CYP2C9, CYP4F2, VKORC1 atrial fibrillation patie...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Variant alleles of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 account for differences in anticoagulation response. We sought to establish a warfarin dosing formula for individualized target International Normalization Ratio of Prothrombin Times (INRs) using data from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VKORC1 and CYP2C9 in Korean patients. METHODS Ischemic stroke patients displaying stabl...

BACKGROUND Emergency department (ED) patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are eventually treated with a standard dose of warfarin despite the fact that a number of patients are known to be sensitive to warfarin and may experience supra-therapeutic INRs and adverse bleeding events. Pharmacogenetics is an emerging field of medical practice that seeks to improve drug safety and efficacy in a...

Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) is a key enzyme in the y-carboxylation of proteins associated with important bodily functions (coagulation, bone metabolism, etc.). This feature is particularly used in warfarin therapy, which blocks the VKOR enzyme and leads to production of dysfunctional coagulation proteins. Genetic factors, particularly vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) gene, ...

RATIONALE Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), such as warfarin and acenocoumarol, are widely used for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases and they are some of the most commonly prescribed types of medications. They are characterized by narrow therapeutic indices and inter-individual or intra-individual variability in response to the treatment. OBJECTIVE to establish the influence...

OBJECTIVES Warfarin oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) requires regular and frequent drug adjustment monitored by INR. Interindividual variability, drug and diet interferences, and genetics (VKORC1 and CYP2C9) make the maintenance/reaching of stable INR a not so easy task. HPLC assessment of warfarin/enantiomers was suggested as a valid monitoring-tool along with INR, but definite results are sti...

background: warfarin is a common anticoagulant drug that has a narrow therapeutic index; higher dose causes excessive bleeding and lower dose leads to cerebrovascular clotting and stroke in patients. genetic factors that have been associated with warfarin response are the genes of cytochrome p450 2c9 (cyp2c9), which metabolize the more active s-enantiomer of warfarin, and vitamin k epoxide redu...