Background: Questionnaires are used routinely in clinical research to measure health status and quality of life. Questionnaire measurements are traditionally formally assessed by indices of reliability (the degree of measurement error) and validity (the extent to which the questionnaire measures what it is supposed to measure). Neither of these indices assesses the degree to which the questionn...

Population incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is required to assess changes in GBS epidemiology, but published estimates of GBS incidence vary greatly depending on case ascertainment, definitions, and sample size. We performed a meta-analysis of articles on GBS incidence by searching Medline (1966–2009), Embase (1988–2009), Cinahl (1981–2009) and CABI (1973–2009) as well as article bibl...

•Type B cells are ultrasensitive H2S detectors that integrate distinct danger inputs•Cnga2 and Trpc2 operate in separate subcellular compartments of the same cell•Cnga2 but not is required for detection by type cells•H2S drives stress hormone release, self-grooming, place avoidance The olfactory system serves a critical function as to trigger defense responses essential survival. cellular molec...

•Utilized vertebrate populations declined by 50% on average from 1970 to 2016•Body size is an important predictor of trends in utilized populations•Importantly, that are managed more likely be increasing•Reversal decline crucial for biodiversity and people The use wildlife supports many their food, medicine, livelihoods. Ensuring this sustainable central conservation ensure the persistence spec...

•SwarmDeepSurv fuses swarm intelligence with deep survival model•Four cost functions proposed to balance model performance and overfitting risk•Evaluation was carried out on a multicenter set (n = 1,058) of four cancer types•SwarmDeepSurv outperformed current models improved stratification Prognostic are crucial for strategic intervention in patients, by modeling the relationship between certai...

The thesis is that the organization, attitudes, and customs of a scientific discipline are strongly influenced by the nature of the subject matter. A case study is presented, comparing theoretical physics and pure mathematics. These share a great deal, but differences in goals and subject have led to striking cultural differences and a long history of culture shock at the interface. An analysis...

Esophageal cancer is one of the most difficult malignancies to cure. The prognosis remains unsatisfactory despite significant advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management. The optimal treatment strategy for localized esophageal cancer has not yet been established. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment for esophageal cancer, and curative resection is the most impor...

Zac1 is a novel seven–zinc finger protein which possesses the ability to bind specifically to GC-rich DNA elements. Zac1 not only promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest but also acts as a transcriptional cofactor for p53 and a number of nuclear receptors. Our previous study indicated that the enhancement of p53 activity by Zac1 is much more pronounced in HeLa cells compared with other cell li...

I first summarize Baltag and Smets’ contribution to this volume, and praise their work. Then I compare the anti-lexicographic plausibility update that they propose to a proposal by Aucher, as an illustration of the difference between a qualitative and a quantitive formulation of updates. I quote Spohn’s original work that is at the root of research in plausibility updates and of the notion of a...

The estrogen receptor (ER), like other members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, possesses two separate transcriptional activation functions, AF-1 and AF-2. Although a variety of coactivators and corepressors of AF-2 have been identified, less is known of the mechanism of action of AF-1. We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to isolate a cDNA coding for a protein that binds specifically t...