Three strands of activity can be identified in the history of pain measurement. The first, psychophysics, dates back to the nineteenth century and measures the effect of analgesia by quantifying the noxious stimulation required to elicit pain, as well as the maximum stimulation tolerated. The second uses standardized questionnaires for patients, developed to categorize pain according to its emo...

INTRODUCTION Dans cette petite chronique, je propose de rendre compte des idées directrices et des événements qui ont jalonné l’évolution des hypertextes depuis l’article séminal de Bush en 1945 jusqu’à aujourd’hui. En effet, on peut regretter qu’en français, la littérature de type “présentation générale” sur les hypertextes soit relativement pauvre, s’il l’on excepte les ouvrages de Balpe (199...

fundamental to Freud's later work. She also stresses the importance of Freud's six-month stint in 1883 as junior houseman in Theodor Meynert's Institute of Cerebral Anatomy. In his teaching at that time, and in his Psychiatrie (1884), Meynert placed great weight on the first and third principles of Darwin's Expression of the emotions which Freud was to apply in Studies on hysteria (1893-95). Br...

In 1940 hejoined the Royal Army Medical Corps, served with the 8th Army in the desert and was taken prisoner on the fall of Tobruk; after two years' captivity he was repatriated in 1943 under the Geneva Convention regarding medical personnel. He returned to military service as LieutenantColonel in charge of the medical division of a General Hospital, landed in France in 1944 and took part in th...

Published 13 July 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Sow PS et al; licensee International AIDS Society. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The moral rights of the named aut...

Sex in Bacteria: Genetic Studies, 1945-1952: V'7 Joshua Lederberg and E. L. Tatum ............................ 169 aNew s and Notes ........... ......................... 175 Technical Papers A Criticism of the Indiscriminate Use of the SchmidtThannhauser Method for the Fractionation of Nucleic Acids in Biological Material: Marion L. Drasher . .......................................... 181 The O...