Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease. Albuminuria is the most commonly used marker to predict onset of diabetic nephropathy (DN) without enough sensitivity and specificity to detect early DN. This is the first study to identify urinary cyclophilin A (CypA) as a new biomarker for early DN.We recruited DM outpatients and healthy control subjects...

We address a supersaturation problem in the context of forbidden subposets. A family F of sets is said to contain the poset P if there is an injection i : P → F such that p ≤P q implies i(p) ⊂ i(q). The poset on four elements a, b, c, d with a, b ≤ c, d is called a butterfly. The maximum size of a family F ⊆ 2 that does not contain a butterfly is ( n bn/2c ) + ( n bn/2c+1 ) as proved by De Boni...

OBJECTIVES Describe the incidence, prevalence and survival of patients needing renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) due to diabetes mellitus (DM)-related glomerulosclerosis or nephropathy (diabetic nephropathy, DN) in the Netherlands. DESIGN Using the national registry for RRT (RENINE-registry), data of all Dutch individuals initiating RRT for ESRD and having DN ...

Polymorphic loci regulating oxidative stress are potential susceptibility genes for diabetic nephropathy (DN). Haptoglobin (Hp) is an antioxidant protein which serves to protect against oxidative stress induced by extracorpuscular hemoglobin. There are two alleles at the Hp locus, 1 and 2. The Hp 1 protein is a superior antioxidant to the Hp 2 protein. The Hp 2 allele has been associated with i...

A sequence d = (d1, d2, . . . , dn) is multigraphic if there is a multigraph G with degree sequence d, and such a graph G is called a realization of d. In this paper, we prove that a nonincreasing multigraphic sequence d = (d1, d2, . . . , dn) has a realization with a spanning eulerian subgraph if and only if either n = 1 and d1 = 0, or n ≥ 2 and dn ≥ 2, and that d has a realization G such that...

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is prevalent in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is also associated with T2DM. However, little is known about the interaction between these conditions in patients with T2DM. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between NAFLD and DN in patients with T2DM. METHODS This retrospective study included ...

BACKGROUND Four linkage analyses have identified a region on chromosome 18q22-23 that appears to harbour a diabetic nephropathy (DN) susceptibility locus. A trinucleotide repeat sequence in exon 2 of the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) residing on 18q22.3 was subsequently associated with DN in European Caucasians and Arabs. METHODS We evaluated the role of the CNDP1 5 leucine/5 leucine (5-5) polymor...

Let X,X1, X2, . . . be a sequence of centered iid random variables. Let f(n) be a strongly additive arithmetic function such that ∑ p<n f2(p) p → ∞ and put An = ∑ p<n f(p) p . If EX2 < ∞ and f satisfies a Lindeberg-type condition, we prove the following law of the iterated logarithm: lim sup N→∞ ∑N n=1 f(n)Xn AN √ 2N log logN a.s. = ‖X‖2. We also prove the validity of the corresponding weighted...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is manifested as increased urinary protein level, decreased glomerular filtration rate, and final renal dysfunction. DN is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and causes a huge societal healthcare burden. Since satisfied treatments are still limited, exploring new strategies for the treatment of this disease is urgently needed. Oxidative stress takes...

BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes that has significant economic burden, especially for patients with comorbid depression or anxiety. This study examines and quantifies factors associated with healthcare costs among patients diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy (DN) with or without a comorbid diagnosis of depression or anxiety (DA) using retrospective adminis...