The term constipation refers to a symptom or complex of symptoms and not a specific diagnosis. Patients and health care providers often define constipation differently. Most health care providers define constipation based on stool frequency. Patients often use the term constipation to describe a broad set of complaints, including straining, hard or infrequent stools, pain during a bowel movemen...

Objectives: To examine whether elimination of fatal diseases will increase healthcare costs. Design: Mortality data from vital statistics combined with healthcare spending in a cause elimination life table. Costs were allocated to specific diseases through the various healthcare registers. Setting and subjects: The population of the Netherlands, 1988. Main outcome measures: Healthcare costs of ...

Discourse Representation Theory is a specific name for the work of Hans Kamp in the area of dynamic interpretation of natural language. Also, it has gradually become a generic term for proposals for dynamic interpretation of natural language in the same spirit. These proposals have in common that each new sentence is interpreted in terms of the contribution it makes to an existing piece of inte...

Much medical research is observational. The reporting of observational studies is often of insufficient quality. Poor reporting hampers the assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of a study and the generalisability of its results. Taking into account empirical evidence and theoretical considerations, a group of methodologists, researchers, and editors developed the Strengthening the Reporti...

Nonmonotoni Reasoning Joeri Engelfriet1, V. Wiktor Marek2, Jan Treur1, and Miros law Trusz zy nski2 1Free University Amsterdam Department of Mathemati s and Computer S ien e Arti ial Intelligen e Group De Boelelaan 1081a, 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands fjoeri, treurg s.vu.nl Phone: +31 20 4447756, +31 20 4447763, Fax: +31 20 4447653. 2Department of Computer S ien e University of Kentu ky Lex...

We maximized mutual information between the sensor locations (treated as random variables) to find a near-optimal choice of k sensors. In the original paper, the authors used a gaussian process to model the random variables and they therefore had analytical expressions for the mutual informations. Given data X1, . . . , Xn ∈ R (we have p possible sensor locations and n samples), they fit a gaus...

The nervous system is composed of a vast number of neurons with strikingly different dendritic morphology. The control of dendrite morphogenesis is an important and unresolved problem. Recently we found that the multiple dendritic (MD) (also known as dendritic arborization (DA)) neurons of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system serve as an excellent model system for a genetic dissection of de...

Dissertation Jan Steckel DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION AND ENERGY SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION This thesis addresses the role of developing countries in the context of climate change mitigation and energy system transformation. It starts from the hypothesis that mitigation of climate change might form a major dilemma for developing countries, as it potentially negati...

Jan Bureš, an exceptionally humane, creative, and gifted experimentalist who died on August 24, 2012 at the age of 86, is rightly viewed as one of the founding fathers of modern neuroscience. Jan was born June 13, 1926 in the Czech Republic, and soon after studying medicine, established with Olga Burešova, his wife and lifelong collaborator, the Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Memory in the In...

Jan Driessen and Alessandro Vanzetti (eds), Communication Uneven. Acceptance of Resistance to Foreign Influences in the Connected Ancient Mediterranean. Aegis 20. pp. 210, with col. b/w ills, maps tbls. Louvain-la-Neuve: Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2020. ISBN 978-2-39061-087-8, paperback €32.50.