Acetone is activated by aerobic and nitrate-reducing bacteria via an ATP-dependent carboxylation reaction to form acetoacetate as the first reaction product. In the activation of acetone by sulfate-reducing bacteria, acetoacetate has not been found to be an intermediate. Here, we present evidence of a carbonylation reaction as the initial step in the activation of acetone by the strictly anaero...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The interaction of X chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP) with second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/direct inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein-binding protein with low pI (DIABLO) contributes to regulation of apoptosis after a variety of cell death stimuli, and in our reported in vivo transient focal cerebral ischemia (tFCI) model. We have...

DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) is a therapeutic drug used for ischemic stroke treatment. Here, we investigated the impact of NBP on the development of rat diabetic cataract induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). NBP was then administrated by oral gavage for nine weeks. Cataract development was monitored through ophthalmoscope inspections. The levels of blood glucose and seru...

Chaotic attractors contain unstable periodic orbits of any desired period (this is shown in chapter 22 for Axiom A attractors). Furthermore, for an ergodic attractor we know that any trajectory will eventually come arbitrarily close to any of these orbits. This offers the opportunity for controlling chaos: when the chaotic orbit approaches the unstable periodic orbit of interest it can be attra...

The title compound, C(16)H(14)Cl(2)N(4), is isomorphous with 2,9-dimethyl-6H,13H-5:12,7:14-dimethano-dibenzo[d,i]-[1,3,6,8]tetra-azecine [Rivera et al. (2009 ▶). Acta Cryst. E65, o2553] and has twofold symmetry, with two carbon atoms located on a twofold axis. Only van der Waals forces occur between molecules in the crystal. In the isomorphous compound the crystal structure is stabilized by wea...

1.1 MYSTIFICATION = Distortions of perceptions of reality that mask/obscure that reality. Ideological practices produce human beings as social subjects by transforming “lived experiences” into subjectivity. Mystification concerns the ways in which cognitive understandings of “what exists” are formed out of our lived experiences, formed in such a way that they distort and mask the way the social...

By developing and maintaining mutually rewarding relationships with selected groups of patients and other partners, pharmacists can more effectively market pharmacy services.

The title compound, C(31)H(50)O, a tetra-cyclic triterpene, was isolated from Ainsliaea henryi. The mol-ecule contains a three-membered ring, a five-membered ring, which exhibits an envelope conformation, and three six-membered rings, which adopt chair conformations.