Three experiments were conducted to determine whether feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2 D3) improves the tenderness of longissimus dorsi (LD), semimembranosus (SM), and infraspinatus (IF) muscles similar to supplemental vitamin D3 without leaving residual vitamin D3 and its metabolites in muscle. In the first two experiments, 24 crossbred steers wer...

The formation of fatty acid esters of vitamin D3 was demonstrated in rat skin exposed to artificial ultraviolet rays by using multi-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. This result indicated that the fatty acid esters of 7-dehydrocholesterol in rat skin (at least 80% of 7-dehydrocholesterol in rat ski...

Current observations link vitamin D deficiency to many autoimmune diseases. There are limited data on vitamin D in Alopecia Areata, an autoimmune disease which in our experience shows seasonality in most of its remitting-relapsing forms. Our results demonstrate the presence of insufficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OH-D) in many patients with various clinical forms, correlated with the expecte...

Background: Inflammatory responses in individuals exposed to sulfur mustard occur in some organs such as lung, skin and eyes. These organs manifest overreaction in cellular and humoral immune responses. Over a long period, the immune responses often continues toward chronic inflammatory processes with some interventions. Obviously some elements have been deregulated. Therefore, this study evalu...

Introduction: Consumption of vitamin D3 is effective to reduce intensity of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Neurons of the central nervous system are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species and these factors play a key role in the destruction of myelin and damage of axons. The hippocampus is a vital center for learning and memory in central nervous system. This area is ...

Vitamin D1 Compound of ergocalciferol with lumisterol (stereoisomer of ergosterol) 1:1 ratio Vitamin D2 Ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol (made from 7dehydrocholesterol in the skin) Vitamin D4 22-dihydroergocalciferol Vitamin D5 Sitocalciferol (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Vitamin D6 Calciferol 25-(OH) Vitamin D Calcidiol or calcifediol; indicates no distinction...

Waterhouse et al. criticized the association between vitamin D intake and the prevention of pancreatic cancer (1), an association that has been thoroughly reviewed in recent years (2, 3). Yet, randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) very rarely produced encouraging and reliable results on the field (4–7). Negative evidence in animal models and experimental studies (8, 9) should suggest tha...

background: dendritic cells (dcs) play a central role in the initiation and expansion of t cell mediated immune responses with potential immunotherapy application. the compounds which have the ability to induce immunomodulatory effects on dcs may be employed for the treatment of immunopathologic conditions such as autoimmune diseases. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the in v...

The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of higher doses (1,00,000 IU i.e. 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW)) of vitamin D3, concomitantly with bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides: LPS) to study the immunomodulatory potential of vitamin D3 in IBL-80 broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into four groups [group I (NSS), group II (LPS), group III (Vit. D3 + NSS), and gro...

Vitamin D3 is an important vitamin in vertebrates. This fat-soluble vitamin is associated with the regulation of many physiologic processes, most importantly calcium metabolism. The presence or importance of vitamin D3 has been determined in only a handful of invertebrate species. In this study, hemolymph was collected from six wild-caught, subadult goliath birdeater spiders (Theraphosa blondi)...