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credit risk is defined as a situation in which the liability itself and its interests are not paid back based on the terms determined in contract. in fact, it is considered as the most important risk each bank has to encounter, among the ones present in banking operations, which is actually because of bank's later life being dependent on it. therefore, carefully taken into account, the fac...

Credit scoring methods are widely used for evaluating loan applications in financial and banking institutions. Credit score identifies if applicant customers belong to good risk applicant group or a bad risk applicant group. These decisions are based on the demographic data of the customers, overall business by the customer with bank, and loan payment history of the loan applicants. The advanta...

We document that not all individuals who pay penalty fees on their credit cards (e.g. for not paying the minimum monthly payment, or for exceeding their credit limit) do so because they don’t have enough money. In fact, a sizable proportion of those who incur credit card penalty fees do have enough money in their deposit accounts, and so could have avoided those penalties. In other words these ...

We examine whether credit-spread curves, engendered by a mandatory subordinated-debt requirement for banks, would help predict bank risk. We extract the credit-spread curves each quarter for each bank in our sample, and analyze the information content of credit-spread slopes. We find that credit-spread slopes are significant predictors of future credit spreads. However, credit-spread slopes do ...

Predicting pyrogenic carbon (PyC) or biochar stability from its precursor properties is critical for evaluating and managing terrestrial C stocks. Transmission mode Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy was compared with proximate analysis data and H/C and O/C for predicting C mineralization. PyC produced at 7 different temperatures from 6 different feedstocks, in addition...