The purpose of the present studies was to characterize the nature of salt and water transport out of the superficial (SF) and juxtamedullary (JM) straight segments of rabbit proximal tubules as examined by in vitro microperfusion techniques. When the perfusate consisted of a solution simulating ultrafiltrate of plasma, there were no differences between SF and JM straight tubules in either net r...

backgrounds and aims: stroke incidence rate has increased during the past 2 decades. the question of whether calcium, chloride, potassium, sodium levels are associated with stroke has remained controversial. the present study aimed to evaluate the serum levels of potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride within stroke patients. materials and methods: the study participants consisted of 53 cconse...

in this study the effect of different concentrations of some abiotic elicitors (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, cadmium chloride and sodium chloride) with different incubation times (3, 6, 9 and 12) on azadiractin production and cell growth in the cell culture of the iranian native neem were investigated. cell growth rate was measured by changes in dry cell weight and it was used as a basis for ...

The effects of acetazolamide (Diamox), ouabain, and amiloride on chloride movements through the isolated, nonshort-circuited Rana esculenta skin were investigated at different external NaCl concentrations. From hyposmotic solutions of low NaCl concentration (2 mM), two principal components of the chloride uptake may be distinguished: one dependent on the osmotic water flux and the other inhibit...

The osmotic pressure maintained by liver tissue of the white rat preceding birth is less than that of the maternal blood serum and shortly after birth approximates this level. Following birth osmotic pressure of liver tissue, continuing to increase, reaches after about 60 to 90 days the level found in the liver of mature animals and is then isotonic with solutions of sodium chloride with concen...

introduction: pomegranate (punica granatum l.) belong to punicaceae family is native to iran and grown extensively in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. pomegranate is also important in human medicine and its components have a wide range of clinical applications. cracking causes a major fruit loss, which is a serious commercial loss to farmers. fruit cracking, seems to be a problem that less...

Sodium chloride salting-in and microwave irradiation were combined to drive thermolysin molecules into mesoporous support to obtain efficiently immobilized enzyme. When the concentration of sodium chloride was 3 M and microwave power was 40 W, 93.2% of the enzyme was coupled to the support by 3 min, and the maximum specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was 17,925.1 U mg(-1). This was a 4....

1. Conditions under which gelatin may be salted out into two liquid layers at 35 degrees were studied. 2. The equilibria governing the amounts and composition of the layers salted out with sodium chloride are found to accord with the requirements of the phase rule for the quaternary system gelatin-sodium chloride-hydrogen ion-water. 3. So far, soaps and gelatin are found to be surprisingly simi...