background: photodynamic therapy (pdt) is a promising therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. in this study, the epidermoid carcinoma cell line a431 and the normal fibroblasts were used to investigate whether gold nanoparticles (gnps) can induce an increase in cell death during pdt using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ala) as a photosensitizer. methods: human fibroblast a...

dendritic cells (dcs) induce pathogen-specific t cell responses. we comprehensively studied the effects of addition of maturation stimulus, fibroblasts (fibroblast conditioned medium), pha activated t cells (t cell conditioned medium), and mixture of fibroblast & pha activated t cells (fcm-tccm) conditioned media on maturation of dcs. monocytes were cultured with gm-csf and il-4 for five da...

The two important epigenetic markers in the human genome, 5-methylcytosine (mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (hmC), are involved in gene regulation processes. As a major epigenetic target, cytosines in a C-rich DNA sequence were substituted with mC and hmC to investigate the thermal stability and pH sensitivity of the corresponding i-motifs. Circular Dichroism (CD) studies indicate the formation...

The intracellular distribution of 5' nucleotidase was investigated in rat liver by biochemical analysis of cell fractions obtained by differential centrifugation. The enzymatic activity was measured by determination of the inorganic phosphorus liberated from 5' nucleotides. The 5' nucleotidase activity was mainly found in the nuclear and microsomal fractions. An attempt to extract the enzyme fr...

Fink and Fink (1) have shown that Neurospora crassa mycelia convert thymidine to the uracil and cytdsine of RNA without fragmentation of the pyrimidine ring. A cell-free system from Neurospora catalyzes several reactions which appear (l-3) to be involved in this pathway effecting the removal of the methyl group of thymidine. These reactions are the conversions of thymidine to thymine ribonucleo...

Cohen (1951) reported that under oxidative conditions resting cells of Escherichia coli dissimilated glucose by means of the EmbdenMeyerhof pathway, while rapidly growing cells used chiefly the hexosemonophosphate pathway. Heath and Koffler (1956) with Penicillium chrysogenum also showed that actively growing cells metabolized glucose by a C-1 preferential pathway and that the fraction of gluco...