Viral gene products are generally required in widely differing amounts for successful virus growth and assembly. For coronaviruses, regulation of transcription is a major contributor to these differences, but regulation of translation may also be important. Here, we examine the possibility that the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs), unique for each of the nine species of mRNA in the bovine coronav...

The PPAR-gamma gene encodes for at least 7 unique transcripts due to alternative splicing of five exons in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). The translated region is encoded by exons 1-6, which are identical in all isoforms. This study investigated the role of the 5'-UTR in regulating the efficiency with which the message is translated to protein. A coupled in vitro transcription-translation as...

Phytoene synthase (PSY) catalyzes the highly regulated, frequently rate-limiting synthesis of the first biosynthetically formed carotene. While PSY constitutes a small gene family in most plant taxa, the Brassicaceae, including Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), predominantly possess a single PSY gene. This monogenic situation is compensated by the differential expression of two alternative sp...

ABSTRACT In this study, we isolated and characterized HSP70 cDNA from pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). The 3053 bp full-length TrHSP70 sequence consisted of a 167 5′-UTR (untranslated region), 2535 open reading frame, 351 3′-UTR. BLAST analysis revealed that the shared high similarity with sequences in other species. our set 3 experimental groups as H1 group (20 °C), H2 (24 H3 (28 °C) for checki...

Translation of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA is directed by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). HCV translation is stimulated by the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) that binds to two binding sites between the stem-loops I and II near the 5'-end of the 5'-UTR. Here, we show that Argonaute (Ago) 2 protein binds to the HCV 5'-UTR in a miR-122-dependen...

Perturbations in ribosome biogenesis cause a type of cellular stress called nucleolar or ribosomal stress, which triggers adaptive responses both animal and plant cells. The Arabidopsis ANAC082 transcription factor has been identified as key mediator the response. 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) mRNA contains an upstream ORF (uORF) encoding evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequence. Here, we...

The mechanisms that underlie the ability of some introns to increase gene expression, a phenomenon called intron-mediated enhancement (IME), are not fully understood. It is also not known why introns localized in the 5'-untranslated region (5' UTR) are considerably longer than downstream eukaryotic introns. It was hypothesized that this extra length results from the presence of some functional ...

The 579-nucleotide 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of the Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) possesses a cross-kingdom internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity that functions in insect, mammalian, and plant-derived in vitro translation systems, and six TAAG motifs within the DNA fragment encoding the RhPV 5'UTR were previously found to confer the RhPV 5'UTR with late promoter activity in baculo...

Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) and enterovirus 71 (EV71) are two main causative pathogens of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). Unlike EV71, virulence determinants of CA16, particularly within 5' untranslated region (5'UTR), have not been investigated until now. Here, a series of nucleotides present in 5'UTR of lethal but not in non-lethal CA16 strains were screened by aligning nucleotide sequence...