In late 2014, a H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, clade 2.3.4.4, spread by migratory waterfowl into North America reassorting with low pathogenicity AI viruses to produce a H5N2 HPAI virus. Since domestic waterfowl are common backyard poultry frequently in contact with wild waterfowl, the infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity of the United States H5 HPAI index viru...

An influenza A strain, Ryan, isolated in Melbourne in 1954 contains on a particle basis about 20% filaments. By using the electron microscope for particle counting, the efficiency as haemagglutinin of Ryan ‘long’ filaments (particles in which length : width > 6) was estimated to be about 6 times greater than that of spheres of PR8 virus. Allantoic fluid preparations of Ryan virus have high valu...

Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich die vorliegende Diplomarbeit selbstständig durchgeführt und keine anderen als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe.

In-ovo vaccination is an attractive immunization approach for poultry industry. However, most of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strains used after hatch are unsafe, as in-ovo vaccines, due to their high pathogenicity for chicken embryos. In this study, we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of a thermostable NDV strain TS09-C, derived from V4 strain, as in-ovo vaccine. Chickens i...

Ich erkläre an Eides statt, daß ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbständig und ohne fremde Hilfe verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen nicht benützt und die den benutzten Quellen wörtlich oder inhaltlich entnommenen Stellen als solche kenntlich gemacht habe.

Ich versichere, dass ich diese Diplomarbeit selbständig verfasst und nur die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel verwendet habe.

Erklärung Hiermit erkläre ich, dass ich diese Arbeit selbstständig erstellt und keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt habe.

Averaged across crop, year and season , residue cover reduction was significantly less for coulter-type applicators than for disk-type applica-tors (P<0.001), disk-type applicators reduced residue cover significantly less than chisel and sweep injectors (P<0.001), and chisel and sweep injec-tors reduced residue cover similar to a tandem disk (P=0.398). Ranges of values to estimate the percentag...

introduction canary seed (phalaris canariensis l.) is a forage plant from poaceae family. this plant is drought tolerant. canary seed is originally a native to mediterranean region, which can be grown commercially in several parts of the word, especially in semi-arid conditions. increasing growth of population and lack of ability of pastures to satisfy the food requirement of animal has led to ...