Fifteen novel β-lactams bearing the N-ethyl tert-butyl carbamate group 5a-o and fifteen N-(2-aminoethyl) β-lactams 6a-o were synthesized by the ketene-imine [2+2] cycloaddition reaction (Staudinger ). The cycloaddition reaction was found to be totally diastereoselective leading exclusively to the formation of the cis-β-lactam derivatives. These newly synthesized β-lactams were evaluated for the...

Recent investigations of how the median size of extragalactic radio sources change with redshift have produced inconsistent results. Eales (1985) compared the radio and optical properties of a bright 3C and faint 6C sample and concluded that for a universe with 0 = 0 Dmed / (1 + z) 1:1 , with Dmed being the median size of the radio sources at a given epoch and z the redshift. Oort, Katgert, and...

OBJECTIVE To examine the hypothesis that insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) attenuate endothelin-induced contraction of porcine coronary epicardial arteries in vitro. BACKGROUND Endothelin-induced coronary vasoconstriction is mediated by two types of receptors, A (ETA) and B (ETB), resulting in calcium influx. Both insulin and IGF-I attenuate endothelin-induced calcium influx in...

Two novel denitrifying bacteria, designated strains MI55-1 and E9I37-1, were isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney structures at the Iheya North hydrothermal field in the Mid-Okinawa Trough, Japan. Both isolates were strict chemolithoautotrophs growing by respiratory nitrate reduction with H2, forming N2 as a metabolic product. Oxygen (at low concentrations) could serve as an alterna...

PURPOSE In the battle against cancer discovery of new and novel chemotherapeutic agent demands extreme obligation. Development of anticancer compounds with higher potency and reduced side-effects is timely and challenging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A small series of fourteen diastereomeric β-lactams (seven pairs) were synthesized through multi-step process exploring [2+2] ketene-imine cycloaddition...

Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major human pathogen, expresses at least 91 serologically distinct carbohydrate capsules. Since pneumococcal vaccines are designed to elicit antibodies against many different capsular polysaccharides (PSs), it is important to identify the epitopes involved in eliciting anti-capsular PS antibodies. We investigated the epitopes recognized by Dob1, which is a hybridoma-...

Targeting of T cell epitopes to APC enhances T cell responses. We used an APC-specific Ab (anti-IgD) and substituted either of 18 loops connecting beta strands in human IgG constant H (C(H)) domains with a characterized T cell peptide epitope. All Ab-epitope fusion molecules were secreted from producing cells except IgG-loop 2(BC)C(H)1, and comparing levels, a hierarchy appeared with fusions in...