Reptiles are well-known sources of human Salmonella infections; however, little is known about the ability of Salmonella to cause disease in reptiles. Thirty-seven isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (S. arizonae) were obtained from retrospective and prospective studies of a closed colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (Crotalus willardi) with osteomyelitis. All isolates (N = 7) from...

For example, the normal addition of integers is a binary operation on the set of integers because when we add two integers, we obtain another integer. For example 7 + 56 = 63. We can think of addition of integers as being a function called “+”mapping Z Z into Z where, for example, +(7; 56) = 63. Clearly, normal multiplication is also a binary operation on the integers. Our operations of additio...

The hidden on-shell E7(7) symmetry of maximal supergravity is usually discussed in a truncation from D = 11 to four dimensions. In this article, we reverse the logic and start from a theory with manifest off-shell E7(7) symmetry inspired by West’s coset construction. Following de Wit’s and Nicolai’s idea that a 4 + 56 dimensional “exceptional geometry” underlies maximal supergravity, we constru...

Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of synchronized dual pulse gastric electrical stimulation (SGES) on gastric motility in different periods for diabetic rats and try to explore the possible mechanisms of the effects. Methods. Forty-six rats were used in the study. Gastric slow waves were recorded at baseline, 7-14-day diabetes and 56-63-day diabetes before and af...

Oswald Steward,* Binhai Zheng, Karla Banos, and Kelly Matsudaira Yee Departments of Anatomy & Neurobiology and Neurobiology & Behavior, Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California at Irvine College of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4292, USA Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.neuron.2...

We show that, in the ideal-cipher model, triple encryption (the cascade of three independently-keyed blockciphers) is more secure than single or double encryption, thereby resolving a long-standing open problem. Our result demonstrates that for DES parameters (56-bit keys and 64-bit plaintexts) an adversary’s maximal advantage against triple encryption is small until it asks about 2 queries. Ou...

There is an enormous inequity in global health as well as research. Less than 10% of research funds are spent on the diseases that account for 90% of the global disease burden. This case study of north-south, south-south collaborations in Sri Lanka is a classic example of the issues faced by mental health researchers in low and middle income countries (LMICs). In this paper, work carried out by...