OBJECTIVE To assess change in cognitive functioning after iron deficiency in infancy, depending on socioeconomic status (SES; middle vs low). DESIGN Longitudinal study. SETTING Urban community in Costa Rica (infancy phase [July 26, 1983, through February 28, 1985] through 19-year follow-up [March 19, 2000, through November 4, 2002]). PARTICIPANTS A total of 185 individuals enrolled at 12 ...

Background.  Cryptococcal meningitis has a high mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in Africa. This is preventable with early screening and preemptive therapy. We evaluated the prevalence of cryptococcal disease by antigen testing, possible associated factors, and outcomes in HIV-infected patients being managed in a tertiary hospital in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods.  Ser...

BACKGROUND The burden of chronic conditions and multimorbidity is a growing health problem in developed countries. The study aimed to determine the estimated prevalence and patterns of multimorbidity in urban areas of Catalonia, stratified by sex and adult age groups, and to assess whether socioeconomic status and use of primary health care services were associated with multimorbidity. METHOD...

OBJECTIVE To examine the adjustment of children of mothers with both active and nonactive breast cancers in comparison with a healthy community control sample. METHODS Participants included 80 mothers and their children. Half of the mothers had breast cancer or a history of breast cancer. Children in both groups ranged in age from 8 to 19 years. Assessments included measures of maternal stres...

AIMS To compare alcohol use among US and Canadian college students. DESIGN Results of the 1999 College Alcohol Study and the 1998 Canadian Campus Survey are compared. SETTING One hundred and nineteen nationally representative US 4-year colleges and universities in 40 states and 16 nationally representative Canadian 4-year universities. PARTICIPANTS Randomly selected students under 25 year...

Introduction: Although several coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) studies have focused on the biomedical and epidemiological manifestations of the COVID-19 virus, there is a dearth of studies that have reported the experiences of COVID-19 survivors. This study investigated the physiological and psychological experiences of COVID-19 survivors and the quality of care that they rec...

BACKGROUND antioxidants might protect against oxidative stress, which has been suggested as a cause of aging. METHODS the Alpha-Tocopherol-Beta-Carotene (ATBC) Study recruited males aged 50-69 years who smoked at least five cigarettes per day at the baseline. The current study was restricted to participants who were followed up past the age of 65. Deaths were identified in the National Death ...

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical fitness level of independent-living Turkish males aged from 60 to >80 years. 849 healthy and physically independent male adults participated in this study voluntarily. Participants divided into five age groups as 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 75-79 and >80. SFT protocol that included six items (chair stand test, arm curl test, 2 min step test, chair s...

BACKGROUND One hundred percent fruit juice (100% FJ) has been viewed by some as a sweetened beverage with concerns about its effect on weight. Little regard has been given to the contribution of 100% FJ to diet quality. METHODS In this study data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to examine the association of 100% FJ consumption with diet quality in...

AIMS To study the course of male alcohol abuse from age 20 to age 70-80 years. DESIGN A prospective multi-disciplinary follow-up of two community cohorts of adolescent males from 1940 until the present. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and sixty-eight former Harvard undergraduates (college sample) and 456 non-delinquent, socially disadvantaged Boston adolescents (core city sample). ME...