The Congressional Budget Office’s analyses of the long-term effects of changes in federal fiscal policy include the effects of changes in federal budget deficits on aggregate output and income. Those effects depend on the responses of private saving and net inflows of foreign capital to changes in deficits. This paper reviews empirical estimates of those two effects and explains how changes in ...

Leading medical associations have called for renewed standards of medical professionalism, including stronger public advocacy, a commitment to social justice in health care, and greater community engagement. New strategies are needed to enhance community participation among physicians, which can improve public trust in the medical profession and contribute needed expertise and teamwork to matte...

This document presents software product metrics we usually use to build software defect prediction models. 1 Software product metrics This document presents software product metrics we usually use to build software defect prediction models, especially those built by Madeyski and Jureczko [6, 5, 4]. • The metrics suite suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer [2]: Weighted Methods per Class (WMC). The...

report issued by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) on October 13, 2004 set in motion a national debate on the economic value of disease management (DM) programs and sent shock waves through the industry with the statement that “there was insufficient evidence to conclude that disease management programs can generally reduce overall health spending.”1 The Congressional Budget Office left lit...

This paper examines the relationship between the static coupling between objects (CBO) metric and some of its dynamic counterparts. The dimensions of the relationship for Java programs are investigated, and the influence of instruction coverage on this relationship is measured. An empirical evaluation of 14 Java programs taken from the SPEC JVM98 and the JOlden benchmark suites is conducted usi...

We present stochastic consensus and convergence of the discrete consensus-based optimization (CBO) algorithm with random batch interactions heterogeneous external noises. Despite wide applications successful performance in many practical simulations, CBO was not rigorously investigated such a generality. In this work, we introduce generalized weighted representative point interactions, show tha...

This study presents shape optimization of a gravity dam imposing stability and principal stress constraints. A gravity dam is a large scale hydraulic structure consisting of huge amount of concrete material. Hence, an optimum design gives a cost-benefit structure due to the fact that small changes in shape of dam cross-section leads to large saving of concrete volume. T...

BACKGROUND The coverage of HIV testing among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) remains low after the scale-up of free HIV testing at government-sponsored testing sites. We evaluated the feasibility of home-based HIV self-testing and the willingness to be HIV tested at community-based organizations (CBO). METHODS We recruited MSM via on-line advertisement, where they completed an on-line...