Pistachio is one of the most important nuts and its mass production using tissue culture techniques is of great importance. Micro-propagation has many complications. Contamination is one of the critical limitations in the establishment stage. This study focused on different NaClO and HgCl2 concentrations and exposure times. Shoot tip necrosis (STN) is one of the most common problems during larg...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes has been implicated in disease manifestations, but postentry viral replication events in these cells have not been well characterized. Productive infection of activated T cells is associated with cell proliferation and accumulation of full-length viral DNA within 6 h. In infected, nondividing quiescent peripheral blood lymp...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of mononuclear phagocytes has been implicated in disease manifestations, but postentry viral replication events in these cells have not been well characterized. Productive infection of activated T cells is associated with cell proliferation and accumulation of full-length viral DNA within 6 h. In infected, nondividing quiescent peripheral blood lymp...

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) has long been considered a disease of "accumulation," due to a presumed defect in programmed cell death. Recent data, however, suggest that B-CLL cells are born at a normal to an accelerated rate, with the rate of proliferation varying among patients. In addition, differences in birth rates, activation state, and inducibility appear to exist among sub...

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the central components of eukaryotic cell cycle regulation. Phosphorylation of CDKs at a conserved threonine residue is required for their full activity and is mediated by a CDK-activating kinase (CAK). The CAK R2 from rice belongs to those CAKs that phosphorylate not only CDKs but also the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. We showed that R2 is a ...

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) types 1 and 2 arise as a consequence of mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, encoding polycystins-1 and -2. Because loss of function of either of the polycystins leads to a very similar phenotype and the two proteins are known to interact, polycystins-1 and -2 are probably active in the same pathway. The way in which loss of either polycystin...

emergence of crops is affected by environmental factors such as soil water, salinity and sowing and seed quality. the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of seed aging (seed quality) on emergence of wheat under optimum (control) and stressful conditions including salinity (2 levels), drought (2 levels) and deep sowing depth (physical stress). seeds (cv. ‘zagros’) were kept at a h...

bioleaching processes for extraction of cu and mo from molybdenite cons. are more environmentally friendly and consume less energy than conventional technologies, yet less economically efficient. one necessary step towards arriving at a cost-effective bioleaching process is using appropriate methodology to optimize pertinent factors in such processes. to this end, the present study employed res...