Compatibility is an issue that relates to the improvement of vehicle safety. After frontal and side impact self protection, partner protection, a key component of compatibility, represents the next step forward for passive safety improvement. Compatibility is complicated to achieve, because it requires world-wide industry to take steps in a similar direction. A harmonized approach is difficult ...

The present study assessed the ability of various site-selective N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists to affect the discriminative stimulus properties of naloxone in morphine-dependent rats. Adult male Wistar rats were trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg of s.c. naloxone from saline using a Y-maze shock-avoidance procedure. Naloxone-appropriate responding was exhibited as a function o...

Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the psycho-inactive constituents of marijuana, the Cannabis sativa. The pharmacological property of CBD, especially the anxiolytic effect, is significant in the therapeutic purposes. The central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) plays a key role in the anxiety and its related behavioral responses (e.g. sleep-wake activity), and serotonin is one of the major mediators. Howeve...

This study examined the role of cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1r) in aggressive behavior. Social encounters took place in grouped and isolated mice lacking CB1r (CB1KO) and in wild-type (WT) littermates. Cognitive impulsivity was evaluated in the delayed reinforcement task (DRT). Gene expression analyses of monoaminooxidase-A (MAO-A), catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT), 5-hydroxytriptamine tra...

Synapses play a major role in signalling transduction in the nervous system. They display extensive activity-driven plasticity during development, learning and memory. Here we have explored a new role of endogenous cannabinoids and their CHI receptors in synapse formation, remodelling, and maintenance. Endogenous cannabinoids and their CHI receptors have been known to regulate neurotransmitter ...

Cannabinoids are known to be clinically beneficial for control of appetite disorders and nausea/vomiting, with emerging data that they can impact other GI disorders, such as inflammation. Post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is a condition of perturbed intestinal function that occurs subsequent to earlier periods of intestinal inflammation. Cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) and CB2R ...

Power losses reduction is one of the main targets for any electrical energy distribution company. In this paper, we face the problem of joint optimization of both topology and network parameters in a real smart grid. We consider a portion of the Italian electric distribution network managed by the ACEA Distribuzione S.p.A. located in Rome. We perform both the power factor correction (PFC) for t...