Alcohol consumption causes neurocognitive deficits, neuronal injury, and neurodegeneration. At the cellular level, alcohol abuse causes oxidative damage to mitochondria and cellular proteins and interlink with the progression of neuroinflammation and neurological disorders. We previously reported that alcohol inhibits glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), leading to BBB dysfun...

Dementias and other severe cognitive dysfunction states pose a daunting challenge to existing medical management strategies. An integrative, early intervention approach seems warranted. Whereas, allopathic treatment options are highly limited, nutritional and botanical therapies are available which have proven degrees of efficacy and generally favorable benefit-to-risk profiles. This review cov...

Neuropathy and neurocognitive deficits are common among chronic alcohol users, which are believed to be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in the brain. The specific type of brain mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (mRCC) that are adversely affected by alcohol abuse has not been studied. Thus, we examined the alterations of mRCC in freshly isolated mitochondria from mice brain tha...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder that is estimated to affect approximately 1% of the population older than 65 years of age (deRijk et al., 2006; Saunders, 2000). PD was first described in 1818 by the British physician J. Parkinson. Before that date, no one had ever described the symptoms of this disease; so many researchers theorize that this patho...

The metabolic function of carnitine in the fatty acid oxidase-deficient flight muscle of the blowfly, Phormia regina, was investigated. Mitochondria from flies did not oxidize pahnitate or hexanoate in the presence of adenosine triphosphate, coenzyme A, carnitine, and serum albumin. Pahnitoyl carnitine was oxidized at an extremely slow rate, QOz of 20. The rate of synthesis of the carnitine est...

BACKGROUND The health status of employees with chronic hepatitis C has major implications for organizations and labour market. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine administration on work productivity, daily activity, and fatigue in subjects with chronic hepatitis C treated with Pegylated-Interferon-α2b and Ribavirin. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this prospective, randomized, pl...