Across metazoans, innate immunity is vital in defending organisms against viral infection. In mammals, antiviral innate immunity is orchestrated by interferon signaling, activating the STAT transcription factors downstream of the JAK kinases to induce expression of antiviral effector genes. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which lacks the interferon system, the major antiviral response s...

Several hundred plant and herb species that have potential as novel antiviral agents have been studied, with surprisingly little overlap. A wide variety of active phytochemicals, including the flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, sulphides, polyphenolics, coumarins, saponins, furyl compounds, alkaloids, polyines, thiophenes, proteins and peptides have been identified. Some volatile essential oils o...

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serio us public health problem. Globally, over 170 million persons are infected and suffer from HCV infection, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection is among the leading causes of death in the United States. Recently, there have been newer, direct-acting antiviral agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment...

Therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis C has evolved over the past decade, resulting in better control of infection and clinical outcomes; however, drug-drug interactions remain a significant hazard. Joint recommendations from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Infectious Diseases Society of America regarding drug-drug interactions bet...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma makes up 75%-85% of all primary liver cancers and is the fourth most common cause cancer related death worldwide. The aim this study was to screen for hepatocellular in hepatic patients who received direct acting antiviral drugs using different imaging modalities. Methods: This a cross sectional included 50 were Direct Acting Antiviral '' DAA'' carried out a...

Fig 1. Photo-distributed eruption in a patient on simeprevir. The patient presented with a large erosion of the lower vermilion with honey-colored and hemorrhagic crusting (A) and ill-defined erythematous plaques with overlying tense bullae on the dorsolateral hands (B). INTRODUCTION Recently there has been a rapid evolution in the treatment of hepatitis C heralded by development of the direct-...

RNA viruses exhibit extraordinarily high mutation rates during genome replication. Nonnatural ribonucleosides that can increase the mutation rate of RNA viruses by acting as ambiguous substrates during replication have been explored as antiviral agents acting through lethal mutagenesis. We have synthesized novel N-6-substituted purine analogues with ambiguous incorporation characteristics due t...

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States. While most patients with chronic HCV infection remain asymptomatic, up to one-third develop progressive liver disease resulting in cirrhosis. LT is often the only curative treatment once significant hepatic decompensation develops. However, antiviral therapy for HCV infe...