Background: in radiation treatment of moving targets located in thorax region of patient body, the delivered dose does not match with the planned treatment, resulting in some over and under dosage in the tumor volume, as a function of motion magnitude and frequency. Several efforts have been done to investigate the target motion effects on dose distribution in the target and surrounding normal ...

considering the nonlinear hyperelastic or viscoelastic nature of soft tissues has an important effect on modeling results. in medicalapplications, accounting nonlinearity begets an ill posed problem, due to absence of external force. myocardium can be consideredas a hyperelastic material, and variational approaches are proposed to estimate stiffness matrix, which take into account the linearand...

Computation of friction forces between ngers and object for a given external force is important in grasp planning. Based on the required friction forces, the magnitudes of the grasping forces can be adjusted in order to avoid slippage of the object between ngers. A new method is presented for computing the friction forces between the ngertips of a dexterous mechanical hand and the object. Finge...

We consider the problem of nding optimum force closure grasps of two and three-dimensional objects. Our focus is on grasps which are useful in practice, namely grasps with a small number of ngers, with friction at the contacts. Assuming frictional contact and rounded nger tips|very mild assumptions in practice|we give new upper (and lower) bounds on the number of ngers necessary to achieve forc...

Shortage and salinity of irrigation water are two major constraints that influence rapeseed production in arid and semi-arid regions of central and southern Iran. In this study, effects of deficit irrigation with different salinity levels and planting methods (in-furrow and on-ridge) as strategies for coping with water and salinity stresses on yield and yield quality of rapeseed were invest...

Hidden Markov models (HMM's) have been used prominently and successfully in speech recognition and, more recently, in handwriting recognition. Consequently , they seem ideal for visual recognition of complex, structured hand gestures such as are found in sign language. We describe an HMM-based system for recognizing sentence level American Sign Language (ASL) which attains a word accuracy of 99...