Little is known about the effect of management practices on net global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) that account for all sources and sinks of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in dryland cropping systems. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of a combination of tillage, cropping system, and N fertilization on GWP and GHGI under dryland cropping syste...

Abstract We look into technology transfer by an insider patentee in a spatial duopoly model under three types of licensing contracts—(i) two‐part tariff with fixed fee and per‐unit royalty, (ii) ad‐valorem royalty (iii) general three‐part fee, royalties. Under contracts, the licenser is better off contract but does than other contracts. In contrast to existing literature, all contracts may make...

The article explores the economic aspects of area and value-based taxation Polish real estate. It begins with presentation information on conditions property in Poland. Next, a review research cadastral tax is provided, as well assumptions econometric model used for mass valuation analysed main part contains results simulation replacing an ad valorem one. Particular attention given to impact ra...

Activation of natural killer cells can be mediated by different receptors. Stimulation of the receptors 2B4, NTB-A and CRACC, members of the SLAM-related receptor family, induces cytotoxicity and cytokine production. The surface expression of 2B4 and other activating natural killer cell receptors is down-modulated after receptor engagement, which results in a weaker response to consecutive stim...

This paper examines how varying antidumping methodologies applied within the World Trade Organization differ in extent to which they reduce targeted exports. We show that duties, on average, hit Chinese exporters harder than those of other countries. difference can be traced back part China's non-market economy status, affects way duties are calculated. Furthermore, we type imposed duty matters...

The NTB-VPg protein of Tomato ringspot nepovirus is an integral membrane protein found in association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived membranes active in virus replication. A transmembrane helix present in a hydrophobic region at the C terminus of the NTB domain was previously shown to traverse the membranes, resulting in the translocation of the VPg domain in the lumen. We have now con...

We analyze the heterogeneous effects of technical regulations and safety standards embodied in nontariff measures on foreign direct investment using global firm-level panel data bilateral cross-border ownership relationships over period 2008–2018. develop a novel measure time-varying ad valorem equivalents sectoral measures, which reveals that barriers to trade (TBTs) played much greater role a...

BACKGROUND Recent tax increases in Mexico differed in structure and provided an opportunity to better understand tobacco industry pricing strategies, as well as smokers' responses to any resulting price changes. OBJECTIVES To assess if taxes were passed onto consumers of different cigarette brands, the extent of brand switching and predictors of preference for cheaper national brands. METHO...

Narrowband-to-broadband conversion is a critical procedure for mapping land-surface broadband albedo using multi-spectral narrowband remote-sensing observations. Due to the significant difference in optical characteristics between soil and vegetation, NTB conversion is influenced by the variation in vegetation coverage on different surface types. To reduce this influence, this paper applies an ...

This study leverages a unique data set on the universe of transactions exiting Ecuadorian economy to estimate tax-price elasticity demand for tax-sheltering activities using offshore fiscal havens. I determine this quasi-experimentally by comparing evolution in funds sent individuals and corporations tax havens different purposes (e.g. dividend payments, bank account deposits) versus similar wi...