Stress and stress-associated high levels of glucocorticoid hormones are well-known risk factors in the development of drug addiction and vulnerability to relapse (Koob & Kreek, 2007; Koob, 2008). Human studies indicated that addicts often use drugs to relive their stress and anxiety. Moreover, psychological stress is known to increase vulnerability to addiction. This „self treatment” may initia...

This study aimed to identify the factors that may lead return of recovering addicts addiction. The uncovered some social and psychological variables real causes relapse. sample consisted (40). Their chronological ages ranged from (16-20) years. problem current necessitated following descriptive approach, tools were used verify hypotheses: Relapse Situation Questionnaire 100. Maladaptive Scale. ...

Abstract Relapsing multiple times back into opiate and crack cocaine misuse significantly increases the risk for overdose death, of which rates continue to soar worldwide. This study aims provide an in‐depth understanding relapse from lived experience perspectives people in recovery substance misuse. Semi‐structured interviews were held, interpretative phenomenological analysis was used analyze...

Exposure to stress increases vulnerability to drug abuse, as well as relapse liability in addicted individuals. Chronic drug use alters stress response in a manner that increases drug seeking behaviors and relapse. Drug exposure and withdrawal have been shown to alter stress responses, and corticosteroid mediators of stress have been shown to impact addiction-related brain function and drug-see...

Addiction to alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs represents a substantial burden to societies worldwide. In terms of health-related outcomes, addiction results in enormous direct medical costs, premature mortality (tobacco alone may be responsible for 450,000 deaths yearly in the United States), and disability. In terms of broader social costs, addiction results in crime, negative impacts on fa...

Introduction The clinical manifestations of drug addiction are the subject of medical literature and fiction alike. In Novel with Cocaine, first published almost 80 years ago under a pseudonym and only recently rediscovered, Mark Levi provides a disturbing account of a young Russian man becoming addicted to cocaine. Vadim, the novel’s antihero reflects: “Before I came in contact with cocaine I ...