Motility of pathogenic T. pallidum was maintained in aerobic in vitro cultures for several weeks using a special medium. The latter consisted of McCoy's 5a medium supplemented with glutathione, sodium pyruvate, HEPES buffer, gentamycin (garamycin), and fetal calf serum. The virulence of the organisms was lost in 5 to 6 days. No multiplication of the organisms was observed. Four antibiotics (vio...

Nitrification is an important step in nitrogen removal in biological wastewater treatment processes. Recently, Nitrospira have been recognized as the numerically dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacterial genus primarily responsible for the second step of aerobic nitrification; however, Nitrospira usually resist cultivation under laboratory conditions and only one species enriched from activated slud...

Photosynthesis is the process to convert solar energy to biomass and biofuels, which are the only major solar energy storage means on Earth. To satisfy the increased demand for sustainable energy sources, it is essential to understand the process of solar energy storage, that is, the carbon metabolism in photosynthetic organisms. It has been well-recognized that one bottleneck of photosynthesis...

A chemically defined medium was developed for the aerobic cultivation of Pasteurella haemolytica. Studies on the growth of strain H44L were conducted in a medium consisting of 15 amino acids, inorganic salts, citrate, nicotinamide, pantothenate, thiamine or thiamine monophosphate, and carbon sources. The amino acids were provided as l isomers, because racemic mixtures of some amino acids inhibi...

mycoplasma agalactia was cultured in pplo broth medium supplemented with sterilized normal horse serum in fermentor. cultivation process continued at 37 ºc under aerobic conditions and growth was terminated after 26 hours cultured period with 2.2×109 mycoplasma per ml. samples were taken at different stages of growth. culture was inactivated with 0.04 %v/v formaldehyde and the vaccine was adjuv...

Physiological effects of carbon dioxide and impact on genome-wide transcript profiles were analysed in chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In anaerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures grown at atmospheric pressure, cultivation under CO(2)-saturated conditions had only a marginal (<10%) impact on the biomass yield. Conversely, a 25% decrease of the biomass yield was found in aero...

Oxygen is considered one of the main factors affecting probiotic bacteria survival due to the induction of oxidative damages caused by the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been shown that oxidative stress resistance in lactic acid bacteria is strongly dependent on the type of cell metabolism. Shift from fermentative to respiratory metabolism (through the addition of heme and mena...

The bacterial flora of the normal urethra, especially anaerobic flora, has been poorly documented. In this paper the aerobic and anaerobic flora of the normal urethra was studied. Aerobes were isolated in 100% of 178 urethras. 21 % of the aerobes were gram negative bacilli. Anaerobes were isolated in 48% of 100 male urethras and 45% of 78 female urethras. Multiple strains of anaerobes were foun...

A new microscopic method for simultaneously determining in situ the identities, activities, and specific substrate uptake profiles of individual bacterial cells within complex microbial communities was developed by combining fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) performed with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes and microautoradiography. This method was evaluated by using defined artificial...

Cardiac tissue engineering has been motivated by the need to create functional tissue equivalents for scientific studies and cardiac tissue repair. We previously demonstrated that contractile cardiac cell-polymer constructs can be cultivated using isolated cells, 3-dimensional scaffolds, and bioreactors. In the present work, we examined the effects of (1) cell source (neonatal rat or embryonic ...