The two principal methods for studying fungal biodegradation of lignocellulosic plant tissues were developed for wood preservative testing (soil-block; agar-block). It is well-accepted that soil-block microcosms yield higher decay rates, fewer moisture issues, lower variability among studies, and higher thresholds of preservative toxicity. Soil-block testing is thus the more utilized technique ...

landfilling is an ultimate fate of any municipal solid waste management system, and it is a no alternative choice for disposal of municipal solid waste. the major environmental concerns associated with landfilling of wastes are related to the leachate generation and eventual discharge of leachate into the environment. leachate quality is formed due to aerobic and anaerobic processes taking plac...

Surface sediments were collected from a mariculture area adjacent to the Yangma Island suffering hypoxia in summer, and laboratory static incubation was conducted study sedimentary oxygen consumption (SOC) benthic fluxes of nutrients fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM). Compared with some coastal areas, SOC studied relatively low summer value 2.34–6.03 mmol m−2 d−1. Sediment acted as an...

in this paper we introduce the notion of classical quasi-primary submodules that generalizes the concept of classical primary submodules. then, we investigate decomposition and minimal decomposition into classical quasi-primary submodules. in particular, existence and uniqueness of classical quasi-primary decompositions in finitely generated modules over noetherian rings are proved. moreover, w...

in this paper, we investigate the existence of a positive solution of fully fuzzy linear equation systems. this paper mainly to discuss a new decomposition of a nonsingular fuzzy matrix, the symmetric times triangular (st) decomposition. by this decomposition, every nonsingular fuzzy matrix can be represented as a product of a fuzzy symmetric matrix s and a fuzzy triangular matrix t.

The long-term success of coral reefs depends on a positive balance of calcium carbonate production exceeding dissolution, erosion, and material export. As a result of ocean acidification, coral reefs could transition from net accretion to net erosion owing to decreasing rates of calcification and increasing rates of chemical dissolution and bioerosion. Here, I present a fundamental paradigm tha...

Aerobic decomposition increases in drained peatlands; releasing stored organic matter (OM) and shifting greenhouse gas fluxes from sink to source. This study explored how drainage influenced peat OM chemical composition by investigating paired sites a Sphagnum-dominated ombrotrophic Finnish bog undergoing contrasting hydrological management (natural drained). Peat was investigated replicate cor...

INTRODUCTION Meat and processed meats, depending on the animal species and anatomical element from which they were obtained, exhibit a varied fat content (most typically from 10% to 80% dry matter). Fats are relatively unstable food components. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an addition of model brines on lipid oxidation rate in the selected beef element stored under aerob...

in this paper, a boussinesq equation is solved by using the adomian's decomposition method, modified adomian's decomposition method and homotopy analysis method. the approximate solution of this equation is calculated in the form of series which its components are computed by applying a recursive relation. the existence and uniqueness of the solution and the convergence of the propose...