BACKGROUND Aerosol and humidification therapy are used in long-term airway management of critically ill patients with a tracheostomy. The purpose of this study was to determine delivery efficiency of jet and mesh nebulizers combined with different humidification systems in a model of a spontaneously breathing tracheotomized adult with or without exhaled heated humidity. METHODS An in vitro mo...

The pulmonary route of administration has proven to be effective in local and systemic delivery of miscellaneous drugs and biopharmaceuticals to treat pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. A successful pulmonary administration requires a harmonic interaction between the drug formulation, the inhaler device, and the patient. However, the biggest single problem that accounts for the lack of desir...

Difficulties in achieving long-term survival of lung cancer patients treated with conventional therapies suggest that novel approaches are required. Although several genes have been investigated for antitumor activities using gene delivery, problems surrounding the methods used such as efficiency, specificity, and toxicity hinder its application as an effective therapy. This has lead to the re-...

This article reviews the pulmonary route of administration, aerosol delivery devices, characterization of pulmonary drug delivery systems, and discusses the rationale for inhaled delivery of siRNA. Diseases with known protein malfunctions may be mitigated through the use of siRNA therapeutics. The inhalation route of administration provides local delivery of siRNA therapeutics for the treatment...

Background. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) is a widely accepted technique of non-invasive respiratory support in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome due to lack of lung surfactant. If this approach fails, the next step is often intubation, mechanical ventilation (MV) and intratracheal instillation of clinical lung surfactant. Objective. To investigate whether...

Surface active material is important in the function of both the infant and adult lung. In the premature infant, surfactant depletion results in the requirement for very high distending pressures to open alveoli. As a consequence, shunt, hypoxemia, and right ventricular dysfunction occur. Surfactant replacement, especially by the direct instillation approach, has been proven effective in improv...

Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) provide several advantages over nebulizers, including ease of administration, decreased cost, reliability of dosing, and freedom from contamination. However, this method of aerosol delivery has been considered ineffective in mechanically-ventilated patients because most of the aerosol deposits in the endotracheal tube and ventilator circuit. A smaller amount of aero...

Chronic airways infection and inflammation is the greatest source of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Many organisms can be found in the lower respiratory tract of CF patients, but infection with mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common, is associated with poorer outcomes, and is the main target for antimicrobial strategies in CF. Aerosol antibiotics achieve high local c...

background: most rural carpet weaving workshops are part of the house and sanitary conditions of the workshop not only affect the weaving but also other family members this study aimed to determine the aerosol and bioaerosols concentration in the rural household carpet weaving workshops in isfahan. methods: in this this study is a cross - sectional study and was performed in 92 rural household ...

BACKGROUND As the use of intravenous magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) for the treatment of refractory asthma is becoming more common, the incidence of MgSO(4)-related systemic hypotension is also rising. One option is to deliver MgSO(4) via aerosol, but compared to most inhaled medications, which are active in the microgram dose range, the MgSO(4) dose requirement is in the milligram range. This, al...