Epithelial-like cells from rat liver were exposed in cell culture to aflatoxin BI, dimethylnitrosamine, 7V-nitrosomethylurea, jV-hydroxy-Af-2-fluorenylacetamide, or 7,12dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Microscopic observation revealed several morphological changes in almost all of the treated sublines but revealed no uniform, characteristic alterations common to all of the cultures. The injection of ...

This study introduces the use of an IgA isotype aflatoxin (AF) specific monoclonal antibody for the development of a highly sensitive Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) immunobiosensor for the detection of AF in inhibitory immunoassay format. The higher molecular weight of IgA antibodies proved an advantage over commonly used IgG antibodies in label free immunobiosensor measurements. IgA and IgG...

Epithelial-like cells from rat liver were exposed in cell culture to aflatoxin BI, dimethylnitrosamine, 7V-nitrosomethylurea, jV-hydroxy-Af-2-fluorenylacetamide, or 7,12dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Microscopic observation revealed several morphological changes in almost all of the treated sublines but revealed no uniform, characteristic alterations common to all of the cultures. The injection of ...

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans contains a cluster of 25 genes that encode enzymes required to synthesize a toxic and carcinogenic secondary metabolite called sterigmatocystin (ST), a precursor of the better known fungal toxin aflatoxin (AF). One ST Cluster (stc) gene, aflR, functions as a pathway-specific transcriptional regulator for activation of other genes in the ST pathway. Ho...

To evaluate the effectiveness of a superactivated charcoal (SAC) in alleviating mycotoxicosis, two experiments were conducted in which 432 male broiler chicks (216 per experiment) were fed diets containing 4 mg aflatoxin (AF) or 6 mg T-2 toxin/kg of diet, with and without 0.5% SAC, from 1 to 21 d of age. Feeding AF and T-2 toxin significantly decreased BW gain over the 21-d experimental period....

Aflatoxins (AF) are a class of mycotoxins that impair poultry health and performance by causing immune suppression, liver damage, and changes in serum chemistry. The toxic effects of AF can be efficiently counteracted by some adsorbents. The aim of this study was to investigate fully characterized clay adsorbents in a feeding trial with broiler chickens to correlate in vitro and in vivo AF deto...

INTRODUCTION Infant and young child (IYC) growth impairment remains a public health problem in Africa partly because infants are exposed to staple foods (contaminated with mycotoxins) at an early age. Understanding the role of mycotoxins in IYC growth is vital, and this paper systematically reviews the available knowledge. METHODS Studies were searched and included if they provided informatio...

Three feed additives were tested to improve the growth and health of pigs chronically challenged with aflatoxin (AF) and deoxynivalenol (DON). Gilts (n = 225, 8.8 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to five treatments: CON (uncontaminated control); MT (contaminated with 150 µg/kg AF and 1100 µg/kg DON); A (MT + a clay additive); B (MT + a clay and dried yeast additive); and C (MT + a clay and yeast culture...

A specific antibody for 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-diol) was prepared, and its reactivity was characterized for the major aflatoxin (AF) B1 (AFB1) metabolites. Reductive alkylation was used to conjugate AFB1-diol to ethylenediamine-modified bovine serum albumin (EDA-BSA) and horseradish peroxidase for use as an immunogen and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) marker, ...

Seed contamination with polyketide mycotoxins, including aflatoxin (AF) and sterigmatocystin (ST) produced by Aspergillus spp., is an agricultural, economic, and medical issue worldwide. Acetyl-CoA, the fundamental building block of all known fungal polyketides, is generated by a large number of biochemical pathways, including beta-oxidation of fatty acids and glycolysis of sugars. We present s...