Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has found widespread application for the non-invasive characterization of the subsurface. Nevertheless, the interpretation of GPR measurements remains difficult in some cases, particularly when the subsurface contains thin horizontal layers with contrasting dielectric properties that might act as waveguides for electromagnetic wave propagation. GPR data affected b...

This study is aimed at investigating the excavation damage characteristics of surrounding rock in Jinping deeply buried marble tunnels, China. According to acoustic detection results tunnel cross-sections under condition boring machine (TBM) obtained on site, PFC microscopic parameters Types II/III were simulated and calibrated through PFC2D program. In doing so, deeply-buried sections diversio...

We report results from a field survey performed on a recently discovered impact field in the southwestern Egyptian desert, using a 270 MHz Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). This hyperarid region has significant similarities to the Martian heavily eroded mid-latitude cratered terrains in terms of crater density, size, and geomorphology. Profiles across small-buried craters revealed a coherent sequ...

Most Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) measurements are performed on nearly flat areas. If strongly dipping reflections and/or diffractions are present in the GPR data, a classical migration processing step is needed in order to determine the geometries of shallow structures. Nevertheless, a standard migration routine is not suitable for GPR data collected on areas showing a variable and large top...

The Austre Lovénbreen is a 4.6 km glacier on the Archipelago of Svalbard (79N) that has been surveyed over the last 47 years in order of monitoring in particular the glacier evolution and associated hydrological phenomena in the context of nowadays global warming. A three-week field survey over April 2010 allowed for the acquisition of a dense mesh of Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR) data with an...

We assess the performance of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method in fractured rock formations very low transmissivity (e.g. T ≈ 10 −9 –10 −10 m 2 /s for sub-mm apertures) and, more specifically, to image fracture widening induced by high-pressure injections. A field-scale experiment was conducted at Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (Sweden) a tunnel situated 410 depth. The tracer test performed with...

During germination of spores of Bacillus species the degradation of the spore's pool of small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) is initiated by a protease termed GPR, the product of the gpr gene. Bacillus megaterium and B. subtilis mutants with an inactivated gpr gene grew, sporulated, and triggered spore germination as did gpr+ strains. However, SASP degradation was very slow during germination of...

In this paper, we investigate the penetration capabilities of microwaves, particularly at L-band, for the mapping of subsurface heterogeneities such as lithology variations, moisture or sedimentary structures. The experiment site, the Pyla Dune, is a bare sandy area allowing high signal penetration and presenting large subsurface structures (paleosoils) at varying depths. Several radar data set...

TECK (thymus-expressed chemokine), a recently described CC chemokine expressed in thymus and small intestine, was found to mediate chemotaxis of human G protein-coupled receptor GPR-9-6/L1.2 transfectants. This activity was blocked by anti-GPR-9-6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) 3C3. GPR-9-6 is expressed on a subset of memory alpha4beta7(high) intestinal trafficking CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes. In additi...

Acquisition and processing of multifold groundpenetrating radar (GPR) data enable detailed measurements of lateral velocity variability. The velocities constrain interpretation of subsurface materials and lead to significant improvement in image accuracy when coupled with prestack depth migration (PSDM). Reflection tomography in the postmigration domain was introduced in the early 1990s for vel...