Numerous ancient sources attest that Artemisia of Halicarnassus, a fifth-century bce tyrant whose polis came under Persian rule in 524 bce, figures prominently Xerxes' naval campaign against Greece. At least since Pompeius Trogus' first-century Philippic History, interpretations have juxtaposed her "virile courage" (uirilem audaciam) with "womanish fear" (muliebrem timorem) primarily as means b...

Social anxiety in adolescents has frequently been linked to negative outcomes from social interactions. The present study investigated whether socially anxious adolescents are treated negatively by their classmates and which characteristics of socially anxious adolescents could explain negative social responses. Classroom observations of class behavior were made during oral presentations of 94 ...

Spatial data are complex and have spatial components and uncertain properties. It is important to develop effective spatial and aspatial indexing techniques to facilitate spatial and/or aspatial querying for databases that deal with spatial &a. In this study we discuss a number of spatial index structures, such as Multi-level grid file (ML,GF), R-tree, and R*-tree, for spatial andor aspatial qu...

background: nowadays computer games are one of the main entertainments for children and adolescents. there are different results about positive and negative impacts of these games. the aim of this study was the survey of relationship between playing computer games and aggression in guidance school students of kermanshah city in 2012. methods: in this cross sectional study, 573 student selected ...

Why are men less likely to use electronic coupons than women? Previous studies have explained the gender difference in coupon usage by exploring roles within household and personality traits of sexes. However, this research offers a novel explanation for phenomenon, that men’s reluctance e-coupons may derive from prevalent stereotype e-coupon users feminine. Because feminine associated with usa...

The fairplayer.manual is a manualized, school-based intervention program to prevent bullying and relational aggression. We present first results from an evaluation study conducted in Berlin (Germany) with 119 students (age 14-17) from a comprehensive school using a controlled pre-/post-/follow-up design. Utilizing standardized questionnaires we found a significant and practically relevant decre...

The social science literature contains numerous examples of human tribalism and parochialism-the tendency to categorize individuals on the basis of their group membership, and treat ingroup members benevolently and outgroup members malevolently. We hypothesize that this tribal inclination is an adaptive response to the threat of coalitional aggression and intergroup conflict perpetrated by 'war...

Although cats are a social species and capable of living together in groups of several cats, intercat aggression is a common behavioral problem. Intercat aggression can be classified as status-related, fear- related, play-related, redirected and can also be due to the addition of a new cat to an existing group. Socialization of kittens, choice of the right cat for a multicat household, and the ...

Previously scheduled production plans frequently need to be updated because of demand uncertainty. After making a comprehensive de"nition of nervousness which includes costs for changes in production schedule and quantity, we suggest three methodologies. Two methods are modi"ed versions of very well-known methods: the Wagner}Whitin algorithm and the Silver}Meal heuristic. However, our de"nition...