The three Rs of animal research Replacement, Reduction, Refinement first put forward by Russell and Birch (1959) have provided the foundation on which many of the advances in laboratory animal welfare have been built. The desired end-state is the complete replacement of animals in research, however until scientific advances make this feasible, efforts should be taken to refine husbandry procedu...

A 34-year-old man developed posttraumatic epilepsy and a disinhibited orbitofrontal syndrome following severe head trauma at age 22. After an 11-year prison term marked by repeated impulsive aggression, he was transferred to a state psychiatric hospital. Replacement of phenytoin by valproic acid resulted in a 100-lb weight gain, exacerbation of sleep apnea, and right heart failure. Despite repl...

Staff who work in the health service are now recognized as a high-risk group for assault in the workplace. Recently, professional and industrial organizations have begun to suggest appropriate curricula for training staff in aggression management. However, there is currently a plethora of aggression management training programs (AMP) available, varying both in content and in duration. In this p...

Aggressive behavior can be defined as any behavior intended to hurt another person, and it is associated with many individual and social factors. This study examined the relationship between emotional regulation and inhibitory control in predicting aggressive behavior. Seventy-eight participants (40 males) completed self-report measures (Negative Mood Regulation Scale and Buss-Perry Aggression ...

BACKGROUND The concept of ward culture has been proposed as a reason for the often reported differences in treatment decisions when managing inpatient aggression. We therefore studied whether staff on wards actually shares similar perceptions and attitudes about aggression and whether the specialty of the ward on which the staff members work influences these opinions. METHODS The Attitudes To...

Exposure to social stressors can cause profound changes in an individual's physiology and behavior. In Syrian hamsters, even a single social defeat results in conditioned defeat, which includes an abolishment of territorial aggression and the emergence of high levels of submissive behavior. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether the lateral septum (LS) is a component of the p...

Behavioral problems are a major source of poor welfare and premature mortality in companion dogs. Previous studies have demonstrated associations between owners' personality and psychological status and the prevalence and/or severity of their dogs' behavior problems. However, the mechanisms responsible for these associations are currently unknown. Other studies have detected links between the t...

BACKGROUND De-escalation techniques are a recommended non-physical intervention for the management of violence and aggression in mental health. Although taught as part of mandatory training for all National Health Service (NHS) mental health staff, there remains a lack of clarity around training effectiveness. AIMS To conduct a systematic review of the learning, performance and clinical safet...

This 9-week study was designed to determine whether a commercial cognitive-behavioral training program could effectively reduce overt aggression behavior in Chinese young male violent offenders. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to receive routine intervention alone (control group) or routine intervention plus Williams LifeSkills Training (WLST group) in a 1:1 ratio. The primary out...