and Warhanti Da for their excellent research assistance; and Denis Cogneau, Elise Huillery and the DIAL research team for sharing their data with us. Useful comments were received from members of the Working Group in African Political Economy and the Yale Program in Agrarian Studies.

or breaks in the skin. Hispanic Americans may be more likely to reside in agrarian settings with increased exposure to soil and opportunities for contamination of cuts and other injuries. Whether caused by environmental factors, genetic predisposition, access to medical care, or other socioeconomic factors and pressures, the reasons for the higher incidence of BAE in Hispanic Americans warrant ...