agriculture is an important engine of growth and poverty reduction in much of africa, nigeria inclusive. but the sector is underperforming in part because women, who are often crucial resource in agriculture and rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. an understanding of these constraints is a prerequisite to devising policies to improve agricultural production and produ...

We examine how nutrient load compensation could help a firm expand its production when is source of loads, threatening the ecological status water body. ask whether technically feasible and it can be made in an ecologically sustainable way. Credits for may provided by point or nonpoint sources. apply our approach to case Finnish Lake Kallavesi, where Supreme Administrative Court, based on Water...

An important rationale for tax credits is to improve opportunities for children born to low-income families. We combine data on children in a large urban school district with administrative tax records to estimate the impact of tax credits on children’s future earnings and other long-term outcomes. Our analysis consists of two parts. We first identify the impacts of tax credits on test scores u...

background and purpose: this study intends to identify the numbers and some characteristics of the teachers of various english courses offered at medical universities affiliated to the ministry of health during the second semester of the academic year 2005-6. methods: the methods used in this research were “gathering existing data”, and “descriptive study”. the research was conducted by sending...

The reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs), including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), has become one of the most serious issues in the world today to build a sustainable world. Digital economy have several contributions to the reduction of GHG emissions. Among them,Carbon credits is one of the most important and effect approach to reducing the amount of GHG emissions, where carbon credits are generated by...

In the description of object shapes, humans usually performiconic gestures that coincide with speech (are coverbal). Marked by asimilarity between the gestural sign and the described object, iconic ges-tures may easily depict content difficult to describe using words alone.Though the expressive potential of iconic gestures in human-computercommunication is generally acknowle...

One of the particular problems facing agribusiness firms is the relationship between commodity price risk (a source of business risk) and debt repayment ability (a source of financial risk). This study examines the use of commodity-linked loans applied to agricultural credits. A commodity-linked loan is a credit instrument whose payoff is contingent on the value of an underlying commodity or po...