The main purpose of this research is review of principles, concepts, problems and solutions of soil ethic. In this research by descriptive method and Delphi technique was used for identifying soil ethical concepts, soil ethical principles, problems and difficulties of soil ethics in Iran and al around the world and suggestions for improvement of soil ethics in Iran. The population of this re...

The rural social security system is a crucial guarantee for the purpose of transforming agricultural production methods. This research assesses how new pension insurance (NRPI) alters farmers’ mechanization service (AMS) inputs. Using 2016 and 2018 waves China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), study observed that NRPI significantly increased AMS Participation in could increase inputs by 18.6% 13.2% ...

Brazil’s emergence as a primary global agricultural producer is often credited to production expansion into soils of the Brazilian savannah or Cerrado. These soils are, however, deficient in important nutrients and prone to degradation, requiring input-intensive processes that suggest a low level of productive efficiency. Employing a sequence of agricultural censuses and a biome approach for ch...

Food demand influences agricultural production. Modern agricultural practices have resulted in polluted soil, air, and water; eroded soil; dependence on imported oil; and loss of biodiversity. The goal of this research was to compare the environmental effect of a vegetarian and nonvegetarian diet in California in terms of agricultural production inputs, including pesticides and fertilizers, wat...

Intensified use of agricultural inputs, particularly fertilizer, is a possible route to improved agricultural productivity. Field trials of these technologies show substantial increases in yields, but typically are done on highly monitored experimental plots rather than by farmers themselves. Returns to a certain technology might be quite different on real-world farms than on experimental farms...

The National Agricultural Input Voucher Scheme (NAIVS) was an agricultural input subsidy in the Republic of Tanzania that was first fully implemented in the 2008/09 planting season. Through NAIVS, certain households were given the opportunity to purchase a voucher that gave 50% subsidy on a bundle of improved seeds and inorganic fertilizer. These household were selected due in part to their lim...

A Fuzzy based design for assessing failures of pipelines occasioned by third party in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria has been proposed in this study. Twelve factors earlier identified by Ariavie et al (2010), were further grouped into four, viz : violence, desperation, misconduct and agricultural categories to allow for a less tedious rule base development. Each category has inputs (base inp...

Background and Objectives: Ethiopia’s food insecurity will increase unless it can dramatically boost agricultural productivity. In 1993, the Sasakawa/Global 2000 Program (SG) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) began a joint program to demonstrate that substantial productivity increases could be achieved when farmers were given appropriate extension messages and agricultural inputs were deliv...

The agriculture sector is highly exposed to climate change and, consequently, to its risks. The climate risk is capable of altering other risks such as asset depletion (damage and loss to assets as a result of extreme climate events), price risks (risk of falling or rising prices) and financial risk (from possible increase of interest rates). Based on the assumption that climate changes indirec...

The paper examines effects of agricultural extension on crop yields in Kenya controlling for other determinants of yields, notably the schooling of farmers and agro-ecological characteristics of arable land. The data we use were collected by the Government of Kenya in 1982 and 1990, but the estimation results reported in the paper are based primarily on the 1982 data set. The sample used for es...