This empirical study seeks to reconcile evolutionary economic theories on how naturally heterogeneous technologies tend to emerge over time along technological trajectories with the predictions of theory that organizations in different sectors of the agricultural R&D economy should specialize in inventions with different qualitative characteristics arising at different phases in the evolution o...

Agriculture could be one of the most vulnerable economic sectors to the impacts of climate change in the coming decades, with impacts threatening agricultural production in general and food security in particular. Within this context, climate change will impose a challenge to policy makers, especially in those countries that based their development on primary sectors. In this paper we present a...

A key consideration for development of energy and climate policy affecting the forestry and agricultural sectors is that the selection of specific mechanisms implemented to achieve bioenergy production and/or greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation targets may have substantial effects on landowner incentives to adopt alternative practices. For instance, the prices of allowances and offsets are expected...

In the past decade, extreme and exceptional droughts have significantly impacted many economic sectors in the US, especially in California, Oklahoma, and Texas. The record drought of 2011–2014 affected almost 90% of Texas areas and 95% of Oklahoma state areas. In 2011 alone, around $1.6 billion in agricultural production were lost as a result of drought in Oklahoma, and $7.6 billion in Texas. T...

Signatories of the Kyoto Protocol are obliged to submit annual accounts of their anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which include nitrous oxide (N(2)O). Emissions from the sectors industry (3.8 Gg), energy (14.4 Gg), agriculture (86.8 Gg), wastewater (4.4 Gg), land use, land-use change and forestry (2.1 Gg) can be calculated by multiplying activity data (i.e. amount of fertilizer applied, ...

Climate change is the main phenomenon that directly affects the world environment, and changes in the environment affect economic sectors differently. The most important impacts of climate change would be on enhancing the average global temperature and the decrease in precipitation. The agricultural sector is the first and most affected sector in the climate change. We examined the impact of te...

this study has aimed to analyze and evaluate the natural and agricultural hazards of guilan province. guilan province, due to the presence of multiple life zones and the existence of permanent rivers, suitable lands and important wetlands, can produce a variety of crops and livestock productions, which gives this province a prominent statues and natural and agricultural hazards could result in ...

energy is one of major factors of productions in all of economic sectors, which have important effect on a country economy. the effect of increasing price of energy carriers on productions of economic sectors is inevitable. therefore, this research was conducted by using the input - output model and product forecasting. the study investigated the latest available input - output table in 1385. t...