Swine manure is generally used as fertilizer and applied to fields for growing agricultural commodities. Salmonella and other pathogens have frequently been isolated from swine wastes.1-3 Land application of Salmonella-contaminated manure may pose an environmental risk if movement occurs to surface and groundwaters.4-6 Sustainable swine production requires the development of innovative and cost...

The natural convection flow over a surface embedded in saturated porous media is encountered in many engineering problems such as the design of pebble-bed nuclear reactors, ceramic processing, crude oil drilling, geothermal energy conversion, use of fibrous material in the thermal insulation of buildings, catalytic reactors and compact heat exchangers, heat transfer from storage of agricultural...