The activities conducted on land surrounding the Chesapeake Bay directly affect pollution levels in the Bay, and they do so in complex and varied ways. Policy attention has been focused, for the most part, on modifying these activities within a particular land use category but not on wholesale changes in land use. For example, farmers are encouraged to use “best management practices” (BMPs) tha...

A key challenge for humanity is how a future global population of 9 billion can all be fed healthily and sustainably. Here, we review how competition for land is influenced by other drivers and pressures, examine land-use change over the past 20 years and consider future changes over the next 40 years. Competition for land, in itself, is not a driver affecting food and farming in the future, bu...

The foregoing chapters have focused on employment policies and programs and actions for their improved effectiveness in pursuing the goal of eradicating poverty. Chapter 1 highlighted a number of global trends that call for an increased focus on employment for poverty reduction in the 1990s and beyond. Prominent among these trends are the rapid growth of the labor force in low-income countries,...

A large amount of cultivated lands in China is occupied by vacant residential areas, thereby wasting land resources and placing local food security at risk. Therefore, transforming vacant rural residential land back to its previous form is urgently required to maintain the amount of cultivated land and guarantee food security. We comprehensively analyzed the willingness of farmers to participat...

The agriculture directorate is using a modified version of the GTAP model to analyse the impact of agriculture and non-agriculture reform. This analysis is part of an overall project that analyses policy reform using a "top-down" approach that integrating a variety of modeling techniques. Global and regional analysis is carried out using general equilibrium (modified GTAP), while at the other e...

BACKGROUND There is growing recognition that "nutrition-sensitive" development is necessary to ensure nutrition security and reduce malnutrition. While agriculture has the potential to be a strong driver of malnutrition reduction and serves as the main source of livelihood for approximately two-thirds of East Africa's population, its potential to reduce malnutrition is currently not being reali...

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