In this paper, we suggest how to handle the issue of heteroskedasticity measurement errors when specifying dynamic models for conditional expectation realized variance. We show that either adding a GARCH correction within an asymmetric extension HAR class ( AHAR - ), or working multiplicative error AMEM ) greatly reduces need quarticity/quadratic terms capture attenuation bias. This feature in ...

agricultural insurance is one of the most important mechanisms to providing security for investment in agricultural and natural damage reduction. one of the modern types of insurance is weather index- based insurance that developed based on climatic parameters such as rainfall and temperature. the purpose of this study is to identifying the factors affecting wheat farmer's participation on...

there are continuous connections between a city and its periphery and the form of these relations varies. collection of these relations makes an influential area forming the various relations between the city and periphery. these relations are not the same and do not have unique concentration and density rather, they hey depend on population, geographic conditions and the role of the city in th...

The central United States has undergone a dramatic increase in seismicity over the past 6 years (Fig. 1), rising from an average of 24M ≥3 earthquakes per year in the years 1973–2008 to an average of 193M ≥3 earthquakes in 2009–2014, with 688 occurring in 2014 alone. Multiple damaging earthquakes have occurred during this increase including the 2011M 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma, earthquake; the 2011 M...

[1] We find that slow seismic events have smaller fault slips compared to ordinary earthquakes with similar dimensions. For ordinary earthquakes, the ratio of slip to fault length is largely consistent, yet the physical controls on this ratio are unknown. Recently discovered slow slip or creep events in which faults move quasi-statically over periods of days to years shed new light on this old ...

Multi sensor data available through remote sensing satellites provide information about changes in the state of the oceans, land and atmosphere. Recent studies have shown anomalous changes in oceans, land, atmospheric and ionospheric parameters prior to earthquakes events. This paper introduces an innovative data mining technique to identify precursory signals associated with earthquakes. The p...

Over the past 5 years, parts of Oklahoma have experienced marked increases in the number of small- to moderate-sized earthquakes. In three study areas that encompass the vast majority of the recent seismicity, we show that the increases in seismicity follow 5- to 10-fold increases in the rates of saltwater disposal. Adjacent areas where there has been relatively little saltwater disposal have h...

This review is primarily concerned with the rupture process of large subduction-zone earthquakes determined by various seismological methods, and with its interpretation in terms of an asperity model. It is not possible to make a thorough and extensive review on the subject because of the limited length. Consequently, this review is inevitably biased toward the works in which I was directly inv...

_Abstract., The recent occurrence of several large su'ike-slip earthquakes provides the opportunity to review and complement available data on the scaling of seismic moment (Mo) with length of rupture (L) for large earthquakes, depending on their tectonic setting and mechanism. For strikeslip earthquakes onquasi-vertical transcurrent faults, the Mo versus L relation has a significant change of ...

In the common jargon used by non-specialist commentators in newspapers or TV programs, business cycle downturns are sometimes described in terms of economic collapses, crashes or even earthquakes. Does these comparisons make any sense but for literary license? In particular, are economic recessions and recoveries governed at large by the same statistical law underlying earthquakes' occurrence? ...