Malignant gliomas are highly invasive brain tumors with the occurrence of multiple microglia/macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. Macrophages/microglia that found in glioma microenvironment, as tumor-infiltrating immune cells, can play a harmful role in tumor progression. In addition, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) contains multiple aberrant differentiation and tumorigenic cancer stem cell...

While a significant number of studies have focused on elucidating the functioning mechanisms Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironment, intercellular crosstalk between multiple cells in tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Here we co-cultured spheroids HCC cells, hepatic stellate (HSCs), and hepatocytes biomimetic composite hydrogel to construct 3D model vitro. The reproduced major cel...

Incense burning in temples is a common and popular ritual in India and other Asian countries. This study aims at assessing the quantity and size segregated distribution of particulate matter in temples of Kanpur city, India. Active air sampling was performed in three temples using the Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI). PM10 mass concentrations as high as 2184 μg m were recorded ins...

Mechanisms for the adverse respiratory effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have yet to be established. We evaluated the acute effects of TRAP exposure on proximal and distal airway inflammation by relating indoor nitric oxide (NO), a marker of TRAP exposure in the indoor microenvironment, to airway and alveolar sources of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).FeNO was collected online at four...

Air pollution is currently the most serious environmental health threat worldwide. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are considered as the main effective factors in causing air pollution. Vehicles are among the major sources which emit these compounds, so it seems that automobiles’ microenvironment is one of the places where people are exposed to high concentration of VOC. Evaluating the exposu...

This review underlines the importance of indoor contamination as a pathway of human exposure to hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs). There is ample evidence of substantial contamination of indoor dust with these chemicals and that their concentrations in indoor air exceed substantially those outdoors. Studies examining the...

A general procedure for stabilization of O2-labile enzymes exploiting "salting out" of oxygen from the microenvironment in the molecular layers immediately adjacent to charged surfaces of polyionic solid adsorbents has been developed. Empirical verification of this rationale is provided. The half-life of air inactivation of the O2-labile hydrogenase (EC 1.12.7.1) from Clostridium pasteurianum i...

Mitochondria are confronted with low oxygen levels in the microenvironment within tissues; yet, isolated mitochondria are routinely studied under air-saturated conditions that are effectively hyperoxic, increase oxidative stress, and may impair mitochondrial function. Under hypoxia, on the other hand, respiration and ATP supply are restricted. Under these conditions of oxygen limitation, any co...

Alveolar type II (AT II) cells are in close contact with an air-liquid interface (I(AL)). This contact may be of considerable physiological relevance; however, no data exist to provide a satisfying description of this specific microenvironment. This is mainly due to the experimental difficulty to manipulate and analyze cell-air contacts in a specific way. Therefore, we designed assays to quanti...

Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are an attractive source of cellular material for scientific, diagnostic, and potential therapeutic applications. Protocols are now available to direct hES cell differentiation to specific lineages at high purity under relatively defined conditions; however, researchers must establish the functional similarity of hES cell derivatives and associated primary cell ...