Eosinophilic airway inflammation and structural airway changes are present in school age asthmatics. When these changes occur, and their relationship, are controversial. Some structural airway changes, up-regulation of collagens 1 and 111, and increased distance between alveolar tethering points, may be antenatal, and independent of inflammation. We have established that there is no eosinophili...

Previous studies have demonstrated that hyperoxia-induced stress and oxidative damage to the lungs of mice lead to an increase in IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β expression. Together, IL-6 and TGF-β have been known to direct T cell differentiation toward the TH17 phenotype. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that hyperoxia promotes the polarization of T cells to the TH17 cell phenotype in re...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by tissue loss and a growing restriction of airflow. Due to chronic inflammation brought on extended exposure noxious particles or gases, most often cigarette smoke, it linked structural abnormalities in the lungs. Airway constriction reduction lung recoil are results inflammation. In affluent countries, majority COPD cases caused to...

Heme oxygenase (HO), the heme-degrading enzyme, has shown anti-inflammatory effects in several models of pulmonary diseases. HO is induced in airways during asthma; however, its functional role is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the role of HO on airway inflammation [evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity and BAL levels of eotaxin, PGE(2), and proteins], mucus secretion (evaluat...

: Despite asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being widely regarded as heterogeneous diseases, a consensus for an accurate system of classification has not been agreed. Recent studies have suggested that the recognition of subphenotypes of airway disease based on the pattern of airway inflammation may be particularly useful in increasing our understanding of the disease. The use of...

PURPOSE Extensive data support the influence of the upper airway on lower airway inflammation and pathophysiology in allergic disease. However, few studies have focused on allergic inflammation in the nose after an isolated lower airway allergen challenge, a situation that can exist clinically when human subjects breathe primarily through the mouth, as occurs when nasally congested. This study ...

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation with intense eosinophil and lymphocyte infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Accumulating evidence indicates that antigen-specific Th2 cells and their cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 orchestrate these pathognomonic features of asthma. In addition, we and others have recently shown that IL-17-producing ...

Allergen-specific CTL have a protective effect on allergic airway inflammation, a function thought to be mediated by cytokines, especially IFN-g. However, the contribution of cytotoxic function to this protective effect has not been investigated. We examined the contribution of cytotoxic function to the therapeutic effect of allergen-specific CTL in allergic airway inflammation. We used a murin...

In the first paragraph of most reviews we are reminded that ‘asthma is an inflammatory disease characterised by . ’. This perspective has been influenced bydand, in turn, has drivenda great deal of respiratory research over the last 20 years. In the clinical sphere, studies based on factor analysis inform us that airway inflammation is an independent domain of the asthma syndrome, distinct from...