In preterm infants, the need for intubation and mechanical ventilation is associated with ventilator-induced lung injuries and subsequent bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The aim of the present review was to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of injury that involve cytokine-mediated inflammation to contribute to the development of new preventive strategies. Relevant articles were retrieved ...

OBJECTIVES To describe noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation use in intensive care unit clinical practice, factors associated with NPPV failure and the associated prognosis. METHODS A prospective cohort study. RESULTS Medical disorders (59%) and elective surgery (21%) were the main causes for admission to the intensive care unit. The main indications for the initiation of noninvasive po...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study is to determine whether airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) can safely enhance hemodynamics in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and/or adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), relative to pressure control ventilation (PCV). METHODS Patients with severe acute lung injury or ARDS who were managed with inverse-ratio pressure control vent...

In a context such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, where optimum tidal volume and airway pressure levels are debated, the present study was designed to differentiate the right ventricular (RV) consequences of increasing lung volume from those secondary to increasing airway pressure during tidal ventilation. The study was conducted by combined two-dimensional echocardiographic and Doppler...

UNLABELLED We conducted a randomized, controlled, cross-over cadaver study to test the hypothesis that the efficacy of seal for ventilation and airway protection, anatomic position, and airway patency with the flexible laryngeal mask airway (FLMA) are altered by the application of a Boyle Davis (B-D) gag. We also determined the airway sealing pressure (ASP) at which the FLMA prevents aspiration...

Over the past few decades, invasive positive pressure ventilation, usually applied via an endotracheal tube, has been the standard treatment for acute respiratory failure [1–3]. However, intubation and mechanical ventilation is associated with significant morbidity, including upper airway trauma and infections [4–7]; indeed, it is the single most important predisposing factor for nosocomial pne...

Despite advances in ventilator management, 31% to 38% of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) will die, some from progressive respiratory failure. Inability to adequately oxygenate patients with severe ARDS has prompted extensive efforts to identify what are now known as alternative modes of ventilation including high-frequency oscillatory ventilation and airway pressure rel...