Allopurinol is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, allopurinol is also one of the most common causes of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), which include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. A variant allele of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B, HLA-B*58:01, associates strongly with allo...

Resistance to allopurinol in zoonotic canine leishmaniasis has been recently shown to be associated with disease relapse in naturally-infected dogs. However, information regarding the formation of resistance and its dynamics is lacking. This study describes the successful in-vitro induction of allopurinol resistance in Leishmania infantum cultured under increasing drug pressure. Allopurinol sus...

Daily p.o. administration of 300 mg allopurinol to cancer patients almost completely inhibited the production of 6-thiouric acid from i.v. administered 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) (1000 to 1250 mg). Nonetheless, no effect was observable on the pharmacokinetics of 6-MP in these patients. Applying a two-compartment open model, values for distribution and elimination half-times and inner and outer vol...

BACKGROUND The use of allopurinol in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains one of the most controversial areas in gout management. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of baseline kidney function on safety and efficacy of allopurinol dose escalation to achieve serum urate (SU) <6 mg/dl. METHODS We undertook a post hoc analysis of a 24-month allopurinol dose escalation ...

Gout can have a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) patients. Objective: to assess dynamics QoL indicators and possibility achieving target level uric acid (UA) in patients with gout febuxostat therapy, ineffectiveness / or contraindications allopurinol administration. Patients methods. The prospective, single-center study included 80 gout. follow-up period was at least 6 months (Az...

Background Allopurinol has been reported as the most frequent causes of SCARs (severe cutaneous adverse reactions) in Thailand. Recent publications have shown that HLAB*58:01 allele is a strong marker for allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN (Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis). The aim of this study was to clarify the association of allopurinol-induced SCARs with the HLA-B*58:01 allele...

The effects of allopurinol on the induction of bladder cancer by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT), excretion of urinary tryptophan metabolites, hepatic nitroreductase activity, and the acid-soluble thiol content of liver and blood in weanling female Fischer rats were investigated. Four groups of rats were given normal diet or normal diet supplemented with 0.005% allopurinol,...

BACKGROUND Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol increases hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are converted to purines, including the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine. AIM We aimed to investigate the antinociceptive effects of allopurinol in thermal and chemical pain models in mice and to evaluate its possible antinociceptive mechanism by using selective adenosine receptors A1, A2A a...

To determine whether oxygen free radicals are responsible for the pathogenesis of the cholestasis induced by ligation of common bile duct (CBD) variables which reflect the hepatic function in the serum, the amount of superoxide radical production, and xanthine oxidase(XO) activity were studied. The activity of serum alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin level in the serum and the amount of supero...

Numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest that uric acid might have pathobiologic implications in the development and progression of hypertension, kidney disease, and coronary heart disease, among others, resulting in renewed interest in uric acid as a potential pathogenic mediator in these clinical conditions. Despite encouraging animal studies showing beneficial roles of allopurinol,...