The isotropic and anisotropic magnetic permeability of Magneto-Rheological Elastomers (MREs) is identified using a simple inverse modelling approach. This involves measuring the magnetic flux density and attractive force occurring between magnets, when MRE specimens are placed in between the magnets. Tests were conducted using isotropic MREs with 10–40% and for anisotropic MREs with 10–30%, par...

Biomechanical properties of soft tissue, such as liver, are important in modeling computer aided surgical procedures. Experimental evidences show that liver tissue is transversely isotropic. In this article, considering the liver tissue as an incompressible fiber-reinforced composite with one family of fibers, an exponential strain energy function (SEF) is proposed. The proposed SEF is based on...

A finely layered medium behaves as a homogeneous anisotropic medium at long wavelengths. When each layer is a transversely isotropic viscoelastic (TIV) medium, attenuation anisotropy can be described by a generalization of Backus averaging to the lossy case. We introduce a method to compute the complex and frequency-dependent stiffnesses of the equivalent viscoelastic, homogeneous, transversely...