The European Union (EU) has implemented a sub-quota of 2% for renewable marine fuels to be utilized by vessels operating within its jurisdiction, effective starting from 2034. This progressive policy signifies significant leap towards reducing carbon emissions and promoting sustainable development. However, it also presents notable challenges shipping companies, particularly in terms fuel costs...

Biodiesel, defined as monoalkyl esters of vegetable oils or animal fats (Scheme 1), is a promising alternative fuel for use in compression-ignition (diesel) engines and is being produced or used commercially in numerous countries around the world, including the United States, Austria, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Malaysia, and Sweden. It is generally known that vegetable oils wer...

Continued use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the environment. Renewable, carbon neutral, transport fuels are necessary for environmental and economic sustainability. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternati...

Compression Ignition (CI) engines are widely used for transportation, agriculture, power generation and industrial applications. The conventional fuel for CI engine is petro diesel. Among the countries in the world, India is one of the largest consumers of petro diesel fuel. Indian economy is very much dependant on the consumption of petro diesel. Brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel c...

Nowadays the position of the renewable energy is so important because of the environment pollution and the limitation of fossil fuels in the world. Energy can be generated more and more by the renewable sources, but the fossil fuels are non-renewable. One of the most important renewable sources is the wind energy. The wind energy is an appropriate alternative source of fossil fuel. The replacem...

The world is confronted with the twin crises of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation. The indiscriminate extraction and consumption of fossil fuels have led to a reduction in petroleum reserves. Alternative fuels, energy conservation and management, energy efficiency and environmental protection have become important in recent years. The increasing import bill has necessitated th...

In 2013, the Applied Chemicals and Materials Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) hosted a workshop to identify and prioritize research needs in the area of biocorrosion. Materials used to store and distribute alternative fuels have experienced an increase in corrosion due to the unique conditions caused by the presence of microbes and the chemistry of biofuels ...

We examine the influence of community context on change over time in households' use of non-wood fuels. Our theoretical framework builds on sociological concepts in order to study energy consumption at the micro-level. The framework emphasizes the importance of nonfamily organizations and services in the local community as determinants of the transition from use of fuelwood to use of alternativ...

The depletion of world petroleum reserves and the increased environmental concerns have stimulated the search for alternative sources for petroleum-based fuel, including diesel fuels. Because of the closer properties, biodiesel fuel from non-edible oil is considered as the best candidate for diesel fuel substitute in diesel engines. With increasing demand on the use of fossil fuels, stronger th...