A software program, SpekCalc, is presented for the calculation of x-ray spectra from tungsten anode x-ray tubes. SpekCalc was designed primarily for use in a medical physics context, for both research and education purposes, but may also be of interest to those working with x-ray tubes in industry. Noteworthy is the particularly wide range of tube potentials (40-300 kVp) and anode angles (recom...

forming limit curve (flc) is an important tool for evaluation of formability of sheet metals subjected to different loading. free bulge of aluminume tubes has been investigated numerically to obtain flc. to verify the numerical results one experimental setup has been manufactured which has the ability of controlling the internal pressure and axial feed. in this study, time and zone of bursting ...

The tubes and pipes manufacturing industry characterizes the mechanical properties of their products with a wide selection standards, but most them are qualitative testing methodologies. To estimate from quantitative point view there limited options in standards. In that sense, standard tensile test is preferred alternative by manufacturers, this option limits estimation for longitudinal direct...

Sandwich tube structures bio-mimicking horsetail and human tendons offered significant improvement over traditional single multi-cell tubular energy absorbers. The present research aims to investigate three manufactured hybrid aluminum GFRP sandwich tubes subjected quasi-static low-velocity axial compression. crashworthiness characteristics crushing failure mechanisms of are discussed compared ...

Multi-port microchannel tubes are increasingly popular for use in a variety of heat transfer applications, primarily for automotive condensers and radiators, but also in a variety of refrigeration and air conditioning applications. These channels offer a greater surface area to volume ratio, providing for enhanced heat transfer over a conventional tube in many applications. Previous research ha...

.hot metal gas forming of tubes can be used in various industries such as automotive and aerospace industries. in this process tube is formed at elevated temperatures, by using gas instead of fluid pressure. lower required pressure and low power are its advantages in comparison to hydroforming process. in this paper, a hot metal gas bulging process of an aluminum alloy tube has been investigate...

We have performed and visualized chemical garden growth experiments directly in situ an environmental scanning electron microscope. The microscope chamber simulates the surface of Mars. demonstrate that gardens can form under conditions temperature pressure existing on Mars presence liquid water, silicates, metal salts. Using from aluminum salts, tubes were formed where external is principally ...

Due to their lightweight, porous and excellent energy absorption characteristics, foam honeycomb materials have been widely used for filling absorbing devices. For further improving the performance of novel tube proposed in our recent work, nonlinear dynamics software Abaqus was firstly establish verify simulation model aluminum-filled tube. Then, crashworthiness honeycomb-filled tubes, foam-fi...

Abstract As the first study in field regarding CB, this paper investigates implications of interchanging between RDB and CB through manufacturing bends with various angles difference two methods form springback, cross section compression widening, shape wall thinning/thickening. The experiments conducted consists aluminum alloy 6060-T4 round tubes 60 mm diameter 3 thickness, bent around 222 rad...